PSSA Terms
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| Alliteration | the repeating of beginning consonant sounds in words in a sentence.Ex. sweet smell of success, a dime a dozen, bigger and better, jump for joy
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| Antonym | a word that is the opposite of another word.
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| Antagonist | main character working against the protagonist. Sometimes not a person but an obstacle such as a force of nature, society or inner conflict.
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| Author's purpose | the author's reason or intention for writing the selection. Always ask youself- is the purpose to entertain, to inform, or persuade.
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| Autobiography | the story of a person's life written by the person
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| Biography | the story of a person's life written by another person
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| Characterization | the method an author uses to communicate information about the characters.
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| Climax | the moment when the action of the story comes to its highest point. This usually occurs at the end of the story just before the resolution.
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| Conclusion | the end of the selection
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| Conflict | struggle between opposing forces in literature.
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| Context clues | information within the reading selection that helps the reader figure out the meanings of challenging words
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| Dialogue | the actual words/ conversation that the character says to another character.
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| Evaluate | the examine and judge; to say if something is good or bad
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| Expository text | text written to explain and convey information about a specific topic.
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| Fable | a narrative intended to convey a moral or lesson to the reader
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| Fiction | any story that is a product of imagination rather than fact
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| Figurative language | language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create speacial effect
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| Flashback | technique in which the author interrupts the plot of the story to recreate an incident of an earlier time
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| Foreshadowing | technique in which the author provides the reader with clues about events that will happen later in the story
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| Generalizations | when you make assumptions about different events and/or characters apply them to new situations.
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| Genre | catagories of literature such as biography, mystery, historical, sports, and romance.
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| Homophone or homonym | two or more words that are pronounced alike but have a different meaning
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| Hyperbole | an exxaggerated statement used to make a stong effect.
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| imagery | words and phrases used specifcally to help the reader to imagine each of the senses.
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| inference | reading between the lines. taking what the author worte and adding it to what you already know to make an assumption.
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| irony | a difference between what is expected and what actually happens.
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| Metaphor | a comparison between two unlike things without using the word like or as.
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| Mood | the overall feeling created by the author's words.
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| Narrator | the speaker of the story
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| nonfiction | writing that is true and the purpose is to inform.
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| onomatopoeia | words whose sounds express their meaning. Ex. buzz crash cland hiss boom hush
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| plot | the events that occur in the story beginning with the setting and ending with the resolution
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| point of view | perspective from which the story is being told
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| prefix | letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.
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| protagonist | the central character in a story that is the good guy or the one with whom the reader identifies
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| personification | giving lifelike characteristics to inanimated objects
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| resolution | occurs at the end of a story and includes how the conflict is solved
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| setting | the time and place where the action of a story occurs.
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| simile | a comparison between two unlike things by using the word like or as .
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| suffix | letters placed at the end of a word to change its meaning
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| summary | retelling what happened in order in your own words
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| supporting details | details that support or back up the main idea of the passage.
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| symbol | an image, object, character, or action that stands for an idea beyond its literal meaning.
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| synonym | two or more words that have highly similar meanings.
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| theme | the underlying message of the selection that the author is trying to convey or communicate to the reader.
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| tone | the clues of the story that suggest the writer's own attitude toward elements in the stoy.
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| voice | the author's style the quality that makes his or her writing unique
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| Compare and contrast | compare means to show similarities, contrast means to show differences
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| Conflict: character vs. character | a conflict between characters, such as a family feud, trouble with a bully, or romantic difficulties
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| Conflict: character vs. nature | conflict between a character and a force of nature, such as a tornado
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| Conflict: character vs. self | an internal conflict that takes place in a character's mind. (character may have to decide between right and wrong or between 2 solutions to a problem.)
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| fact vs. opinion | a fact can be proven to be true, an opinion is someones feelings
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| point of view (limited 3rd Person) | the story is told from the viewpoint of a character. As a result the reader is only exposed to what that character experiences.
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| point of view (1st person) | the narrator uses I, me, we and other first-person pronouns to relate his thoughts, experiences, and observations in a work of fiction or nonfiction.
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| root word | a word to which prefixes and/or suffixes are added
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| analyze | to explain in great detail
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| essay | a multi-paragraph writing
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| text structure: compare and contrast | the author organizes the text by telling how two or more things are alike and different
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| text structure: problem and solution | the author presents a problem and provides steps that lead to the solving of the problem; the solution
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| text structure: sequential | the author tells all events in order from first to last
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| text structure: desciption | the author gives great detail about a topic
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| text structure: cause and effect | the author presents something that causes something else to happen
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| line | a series of words in a poem
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| stanza | a group of lines in a poem
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| prose | writing made up of sentences and paragraphs (not poetry)
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| chronological | when events happen in order from earliest to the last (like sequential)
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| revision | to make something better by changing it
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