Duke PA Arterial blood gas and acid/base balance
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| PCO2 | partial pressure of CO2
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| percent of CO2 carried in the plasma | 10%
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| the faster and more deeply the patient breaths the | more CO2 is blown off
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| as CO2 levels increase | blood pH decreases
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| as CO2 levels increase | blood PCO2 increases
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| a rise in PCO2 stimulates a rise in | respiratory rate
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| in metabolic acidosis the lungs attempt to compensate by | blowing off CO2
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| in metabolic alkylosis the lungs attempt to compensate by | retaining CO2
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| Most of the CO2 content in the blood is | HCO3-
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| Bicarbonate ion | HCO3-
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| CO2 content is an indirect measurement of | HCO3-
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| _____ is a measurement of the metabolic (renal) component of the acid-base equilibrium | HCO3-
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| in respiratory alkylosis the _____ excrete HCO3 in an attempt to lower pH | kidneys
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| the measure of the tension of O2 dissolved in the plasma | PO2
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| patients in whom venous blood mixes prematurely with arterial blood have a decrease in ____ | PO2
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| the indication of the percentage of hemoglobin filled with O2 | O2 saturation
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| when ___% to 100% of the hemoglobin carries O2 the tissues are adequately provided with O2 | 92
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| non-inasive method of determining O2 saturation | pulse oximetry
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| a negative base excess indicates | metabolic acidosis
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| a positive base excess indicates | metabolic alkylosis or compensation to prolonged respiratory acidosis
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| acidosis is present if the pH is less than | 7.4
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| alkylosis is present if the pH is greater than | 7.4
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| if the PCO2 is low in a patient who has been said to have acidosis the patient has | metabolic acidosis
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| if the PCO2 is high in a patient who has been said to have acidosis the patient has | respiratory acidosis
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| if the PCO2 is low in a patient who has been said to have alkylosis the patient has | respiratory alkylosis
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| if the PCO2 is high in a patient who has been said to have alkylosis the patient has | metabolic alkylosis
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| O2 saturation can be falsely increased by the inhalation of | carbon monoxide
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| In patients with COPD the stimulus to breathe is not triggered by CO2 levels but by | O2
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| Perform which test before performing an arterial puncture in the radial artery | Allen test
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| low pH, low HCO3-, low CO2 | metabolic acidosis
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| low pH, high HCO3-, high CO2 | respiratory acidosis
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| high pH, high HCO3-, high CO2 | metabolic alkalosis
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| high pH, low HCO3-, low CO2 | respiratory alkalosis
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| pH <7.4 | acidemia
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| pH >7.4 | alkalemia
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| normal pCO2 | 40
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| normal HCO3- | 22-29
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| __|__|__/ (bottom) | |X \ chem 7 | creatinine
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| X |__|__/ | | \ chem 7 | Na
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| __|X |__/ | | \ chem 7 | Cl
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| __|__|X / | | \ chem 7 | BUN
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| __|__|__/ (bottom) X | | \ chem 7 | K
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| __|__|__/ (bottom) |X | \ chem 7 | HCO3-
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| __|__|__/ | | \ X chem 7 | glucose
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| if bicarb is low you expect pCO2 to be | low
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| if pCO2 is high you expect bicarb to be | high
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| example of cause of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis | diarrhea
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| example of cause of anion gap metabolic acidosis | excessive alcohol consumption
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| non-anion gap metabolic acidosis is characterized by | loss of bicarb
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| anion gap metabolic acidosis is characterized by | gain of acid
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| normal Cl- is | 96-106
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| normal BUN is | 7-18
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| normal glucose | 70-115
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| normal creatinine | 0.6-1.2
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| normal K | 3.5-5.1
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| normal Na | 135-145
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| normal anion gap | 7-16
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| normal osmolality | 275-295
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| primary etiology of respiratory acidosis | lungs fail to eliminate CO2
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| example of a cause of metabolic alkalosis | protracted vomiting
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| example of a cause of metabolic alkalosis | ingestion of a large quantity of base
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| in a metabolic alkalotic state will you have hypokalemia or hyperkalemia | hypokalemia
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| in a metabolic acidotic state will you have hypokalemia or hyperkalemia | hyperkalemia
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| primary etiology of respiratory alkalosis | lungs are eliminating too much CO2
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| in acute respiratory acidosis for every increase of pCO2 of 10mm pH decreases by | .08
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| in chronic repiratory acidosis for every increase of pCO@ of 10mm, ph decreases by | .03
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| in acute respiratory alkalosis for every decrease of pCO2 of 10mm pH increases by | .08
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| in chronic respiratory alkalosis for every decreas of pCO2 of 10mm pH increases by | .03
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| a pH which is too acid for the PCO2 | metabolic acidosis
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| the only acid which can be exhaled via the lungs | carbon dioxide
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| includes all of the body's acids except carbon dioxide | metabolic acids
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| difference between the sum of the major anions and the major cations | anion gap
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| _____ is the same as Respiratory Acidosis | high pCO2
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| The normal value of pCO2 in arterial blood is __mmHg | 40
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| implies a raised [H+] level with a normal PCO2 | pure metabolic acidosis
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| high PCO2 causes molecules of CO2 and water to form carbonic acid which ionizes to increase both [HCO3-] and [H+] | pure respiratory acidosis
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