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DU PA ABG & pH
Duke PA Arterial blood gas and acid/base balance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PCO2 | partial pressure of CO2 |
| percent of CO2 carried in the plasma | 10% |
| the faster and more deeply the patient breaths the | more CO2 is blown off |
| as CO2 levels increase | blood pH decreases |
| as CO2 levels increase | blood PCO2 increases |
| a rise in PCO2 stimulates a rise in | respiratory rate |
| in metabolic acidosis the lungs attempt to compensate by | blowing off CO2 |
| in metabolic alkylosis the lungs attempt to compensate by | retaining CO2 |
| Most of the CO2 content in the blood is | HCO3- |
| Bicarbonate ion | HCO3- |
| CO2 content is an indirect measurement of | HCO3- |
| _____ is a measurement of the metabolic (renal) component of the acid-base equilibrium | HCO3- |
| in respiratory alkylosis the _____ excrete HCO3 in an attempt to lower pH | kidneys |
| the measure of the tension of O2 dissolved in the plasma | PO2 |
| patients in whom venous blood mixes prematurely with arterial blood have a decrease in ____ | PO2 |
| the indication of the percentage of hemoglobin filled with O2 | O2 saturation |
| when ___% to 100% of the hemoglobin carries O2 the tissues are adequately provided with O2 | 92 |
| non-inasive method of determining O2 saturation | pulse oximetry |
| a negative base excess indicates | metabolic acidosis |
| a positive base excess indicates | metabolic alkylosis or compensation to prolonged respiratory acidosis |
| acidosis is present if the pH is less than | 7.4 |
| alkylosis is present if the pH is greater than | 7.4 |
| if the PCO2 is low in a patient who has been said to have acidosis the patient has | metabolic acidosis |
| if the PCO2 is high in a patient who has been said to have acidosis the patient has | respiratory acidosis |
| if the PCO2 is low in a patient who has been said to have alkylosis the patient has | respiratory alkylosis |
| if the PCO2 is high in a patient who has been said to have alkylosis the patient has | metabolic alkylosis |
| O2 saturation can be falsely increased by the inhalation of | carbon monoxide |
| In patients with COPD the stimulus to breathe is not triggered by CO2 levels but by | O2 |
| Perform which test before performing an arterial puncture in the radial artery | Allen test |
| low pH, low HCO3-, low CO2 | metabolic acidosis |
| low pH, high HCO3-, high CO2 | respiratory acidosis |
| high pH, high HCO3-, high CO2 | metabolic alkalosis |
| high pH, low HCO3-, low CO2 | respiratory alkalosis |
| pH <7.4 | acidemia |
| pH >7.4 | alkalemia |
| normal pCO2 | 40 |
| normal HCO3- | 22-29 |
| __|__|__/ (bottom) | |X \ chem 7 | creatinine |
| X |__|__/ | | \ chem 7 | Na |
| __|X |__/ | | \ chem 7 | Cl |
| __|__|X / | | \ chem 7 | BUN |
| __|__|__/ (bottom) X | | \ chem 7 | K |
| __|__|__/ (bottom) |X | \ chem 7 | HCO3- |
| __|__|__/ | | \ X chem 7 | glucose |
| if bicarb is low you expect pCO2 to be | low |
| if pCO2 is high you expect bicarb to be | high |
| example of cause of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis | diarrhea |
| example of cause of anion gap metabolic acidosis | excessive alcohol consumption |
| non-anion gap metabolic acidosis is characterized by | loss of bicarb |
| anion gap metabolic acidosis is characterized by | gain of acid |
| normal Cl- is | 96-106 |
| normal BUN is | 7-18 |
| normal glucose | 70-115 |
| normal creatinine | 0.6-1.2 |
| normal K | 3.5-5.1 |
| normal Na | 135-145 |
| normal anion gap | 7-16 |
| normal osmolality | 275-295 |
| primary etiology of respiratory acidosis | lungs fail to eliminate CO2 |
| example of a cause of metabolic alkalosis | protracted vomiting |
| example of a cause of metabolic alkalosis | ingestion of a large quantity of base |
| in a metabolic alkalotic state will you have hypokalemia or hyperkalemia | hypokalemia |
| in a metabolic acidotic state will you have hypokalemia or hyperkalemia | hyperkalemia |
| primary etiology of respiratory alkalosis | lungs are eliminating too much CO2 |
| in acute respiratory acidosis for every increase of pCO2 of 10mm pH decreases by | .08 |
| in chronic repiratory acidosis for every increase of pCO@ of 10mm, ph decreases by | .03 |
| in acute respiratory alkalosis for every decrease of pCO2 of 10mm pH increases by | .08 |
| in chronic respiratory alkalosis for every decreas of pCO2 of 10mm pH increases by | .03 |
| a pH which is too acid for the PCO2 | metabolic acidosis |
| the only acid which can be exhaled via the lungs | carbon dioxide |
| includes all of the body's acids except carbon dioxide | metabolic acids |
| difference between the sum of the major anions and the major cations | anion gap |
| _____ is the same as Respiratory Acidosis | high pCO2 |
| The normal value of pCO2 in arterial blood is __mmHg | 40 |
| implies a raised [H+] level with a normal PCO2 | pure metabolic acidosis |
| high PCO2 causes molecules of CO2 and water to form carbonic acid which ionizes to increase both [HCO3-] and [H+] | pure respiratory acidosis |
Created by:
bwyche
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