Pools
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| medial coliform density of 2700/100 ml causes | significant increase in gastrointestinal illness
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| age that does the most swimming | five to 19
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| PAM | primary amebic meningoencephalitis rare but fatal when head is immersed into contaminated waters Naegleria fowleri
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| will chlorine inactivate crypto? | nope, need sand filter as well
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| a strong chlorine odor indicates | chloramines
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| spa optimal total alkalinity as CaCO3 | 80-120 mg/l
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| spa optimal free chlorine residual | 3-5 mg/l
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| spa optimal combined chlorine | zero
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| spa optimal pH | 7.5-7.6
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| pool optimal ph | 7.2-8
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| pool alkalinity (methyl orange MO) Clarity | at least 50 mg/l
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| pool plate count (agar 24 hrs at 95F) | not more than 15 percent of the samples more than 200 colonies/ml
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| the depth of water under an on deck diving board | 9 feet and extend forward for 16 feet
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| life guard (span of control) | 1/100 bathers or 1/100 yards of beach
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| fence around pool | at least 4 feet high
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| 3 meter board pool depth | 12 feet
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| water depth marks occur every | 25 feet or at 2 ft changes
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| recirculate water every ___ hours | 6-8 hours recirculate spa water every
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| chemicals for disinfection | chlorination, bromine, iodine, cyanuric acid maybe but carcinogen. Sodium hypochlorite recommended, ozone and chlorine dioxide
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| sodium bicarbonate addition will | raise alkalinity
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| free chlorine residual range | 1.0 to 3.0 mg/l
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| adjust pool alkalinity with | soda ash (sodium carbonate)
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| how many inches of sand for high rate filter? | 12"
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| filter media for pool | granulated activated carbon
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| diatomacous earch flow rate | up to 2.5 gpm ft2
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| which intakes dictate design? | recirculation from main drains and perimeter overflow or skimmers
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| wash water rate | 15 gpm/ft2
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| overflow gutters need to be | level to 1/8"
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| what percent of recirc is from gutters or skimmers? | 60%
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| one skimmer for how many square feet? | 500
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| how often do you need floor drains? | every 25 feet
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| UV light is ok as long as you use ??? With it? | hydrogen peroxide
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| what free available residual chlorine do you need to maintain? | at least 0.6 mg/l
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| operating level of free chlorine | 1-3 mg/l is required
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| hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion = | free available chlorine
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| what pH will chlorine lose effectiveness? | ph higher than 8.4
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| water clarity standard for pool | secchi disk- 6 in
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| cloudy pool water due to: | improper filtration, need for alum, high alkalinity
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| reddish brown water | iron
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| temp of water entering pool | not more than 104
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| strainer openings at least how many times the size | 4 times the area of main line with openings no greater than 1/8 inch
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| rate of filtration | 2-3 gpm/ft squared with sand or anthracite
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| swimmer displaces | 17-20 gal of water
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| outlet drains how far apart? | 15 feet
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| pool inlets every | 20 feet
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| what is slow acting against immediate bacterial contamination? | combined residual chlorine, so free available chlorine is imperative
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| oxidation reduction potential (ORP) | redox potential, index of disinfection (millivolts) NO less than 700 mV
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| how often should you test pH and chlorine residual? | 3 times a day
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| sudden jump in pH may be caused by | algae
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| prevent algae by | maintaining free chlorine residual
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| principal scale former | calcium carbonate
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| saturation index formula | SI= pH + TF (temperature factor) + Calcium factor + Alkalinity Factor - 12.1
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| optimum saturation index | zero
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| water temp for general pool use | suggested at 80F, air temp 5F more than that
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| preferred method of testing for residaul chlorine | DPD test
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| wading pool recirc every ?? Hrs | one to two hours
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| shistosomiasis life cycle not complete without___ | snail, dry off before water dries
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| ideal pool pH when clear with appropriate disinfectant | 7.4
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| how many acids formed when chlorine is added to water? | one acid is formed
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| free chlorine for pools and water parks | min 1.0, ideal 2-4, max 5
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| free chlorine for spas | min 2.0, ideal 3-5, max 10ppm
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| ideal ph of rec water | 7.2-7.6
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| fence around pool buildings | 6 ft
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| diving board height | 1 meter and 3 meters
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| diving board dimensions | 16 feet by 20 inches, extend 6 ft beyond pool wall
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| highest level of contamination in pools | surface, skimmers are important, many organisms
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| turnover rate = | (pool capacity in gallons)/(flow meter reading (gpm))(60)
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| 4 primary types of pool filters | sand, diatomaceous earth, cartridge
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| rapid rate sand filter | 3 gal/min/ft2
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| high rate sand filter | 12-20 gpm/ft2
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| Diatomaceous earth filter | up to 2.5 gallons per ft2 -microscopic marine plants spread in a thin coat over filter bags or septa
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| range of nephelometer turbidity units in a pool (NSF standard) | not exceed .5 and if it gets to 1 it must return to .5 within 8 hours
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| low ph concerns | faster chlorine loss, easier formation of chloramines, corrosionof equpment
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| high ph concerns | scale formatin, cloudy water, increase of hydrogen ions
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| alkalinity range | 80-120 ppm calcium carbonate
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| raise alkalinity by adding | sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
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| combination of chlorine and ammonia | "combined chlorine" - don't add ammonia to retain residual chlorine on hot days
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| free chlorine plus combined chlorine = | total redisual chlorine
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| total residual chlorine concentration | 2.0-2.5 but chloramines cause eye irritation and chlorine smell
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| free chlorine concentration that should be maintained | .4-1.0ppm alkalinity for spas
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| spa water harness | 100-400 ppm
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| pool system turnover rate | every 6 hours
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| rate of filtration for vacuum diatomite filter | 1-2 gpm, ft2
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| chemicals used for disinfection | chlorine, chloro-iso-cyanurates, bromine and iodine
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| gutters and skimmers must receive minimum of | 60%
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| what does cyanuric acid additive do? | stabilizes residual chlorine
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| adding sodium bicarbonate will do what to pH? | raise it
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| add soda ash to raise | pH
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| best control of swimmers itch is to add | copper sulfate
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| childrens pools should be recirculated every | 60 minutes
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| main drain should have a diameter at LEAST how many times larger than the discharge pipe? | 4 times
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| pump is protected by | strainer as it catches large particles
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| cartridge filter rate | up to 3 gallons per minute per ft2 of filter area
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| stabilizer from chlorine products for outdoor pools | cyanuric acid
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| bromine can be testd by | using free chlorine test and multiplying by 2.5
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| what is hypochlorous acid (HOCL) available in the water? | the sanitizer and is most effective at lower pH values
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| Saturation Indes formula | pH = temperature factor + calcium hardness factor + alkalinity factor - 12.1
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| SI between +0.5 and -0.5 then: | the water is balanced
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| SI greater than +0.5 | water will form scale and clog pipes and hazy water appearance SI lwss than _0.5
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| total alkalinity range | 6-=180 ppm
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| calcium hardness range | 150-400ppm
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| pH | 7.2-7.8
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| cyanuric acid | 25-100 ppm
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| combined chlorine | less than 1.0
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| super chlorination (shocking) | removing chloramines by incresing chlorine level (increases hypochlorous acid)
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| chloramines form when ______ compounds are present | ammonia
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| cause of disease in pools | pseudomonas aeruginosa, crypto and abrasions by mycobacterium marinum
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sanitarianpankey
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