Enzyme Classification & Nomenclature
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| How are enzymes named? | Enzymes are often known by commmon names obtained by adding the suffix "ase" to the name of the name of substrate or to the reaction they catalyse.
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| What does Amylase catalyse? | Catalyses the hydrolysis of α-amylose.
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| What does Urease catalyse? | Catalyses the hydrolysis of urea.
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| What does Xanthine oxidase catalyse? | Catalyses the oxidation of xanthine.
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| What does Glucose-6-phosphate catalyse? | Catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphate from glucose.
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| Who devised a naming and numbering system? | The Enzyme Commission (EC) of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB).
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| What does IUBMB stand for? | International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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| What does EC stand for? | Enzyme Commission.
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| How many major classes can enzymes be divided into? | 6.
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| What does sub-groups and sub-subgroups do? | Define their functions more precisely.
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| What are the classes of enzymes? | Hydrolases
Isomerases
Ligases
Lyases
Oxidoreductases
Transferases
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| What do oxidoreductases catalyse? | Catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.
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| What are examples of oxidoreductases? | Dehydrogenases
Oxidases
Peroxidases
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| What is the formula for oxidoreducatase? | A– + B → A + B-
A+ + B → A + B+
AH + B → A + BH
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| What do transferases catalyse? | Catalyse transfer of functional group from one molecule to another.
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| What are examples of transferases? | Transaminases
Transmethylases
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| What is the formula for transferase? | A-X + B → A + X-C
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| What do hydrolases catalyse? | Catalyse hydrolytic cleavage (hydrolysis reactions).
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| What are examples of hydrolases? | Digestive enzymes such as:
Sucrase
Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
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| What is the formula for hydrolase? | A–B + H2O → A–OH + B–H
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| What do lyases catalyse? | Catalyse the removal of a group or addition of a group to a double bond, or other cleavages involving electron rearrangement.
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| What is an example of a lyase? | Decarboxylase
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| What is the formula for lyase? | XY=A-B → A=B + X-Y
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| What do isomerases catalyse? | Catalyses intramolecular rearrangement.
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| What are examples of isomerases? | Racemases
Cis-trans isomerases
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| What is the formula for isomerases? | XY=A-B → YX=A-B
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| What do ligases catalyse? | Catalyse reactions in which two molecules are joined.
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| What is an example of a ligase? | DNA ligase
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| What is the formula for ligases? | A + B → A-B
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| How many parts (numbers) has the EC of the IUBMB given to each enzyme? | 4
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| What do the first three numbers of an enzyme indicate? | Major Class
Sub Class
Sub-sub Class
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| What is the last number of an enzyme and what does it indicate? | A serial number, indicating the order in which each enzume is added to the list, which is continually growing.
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| Example of EC Numbers on Triose phosphate isomerase is listed as EC 5.3.1.1. | It's an isomerase d and in the third 3 subclass.
It is in the first 1 sub-subclass (those that interconvert aldoses and ketoses) and is the first 1 entry (of 19 so far) in this sub-subclass.
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