| Question |
Answer |
| EAR |
ESTIMATED AVERAGE REQUIREMENT - daily - for 1/2 individuals in a particular stage or group |
| RDA |
RECOMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE -- meets requirements of 97-98% of individuals |
| FORMULA OF RDA |
RDA= EAR + 2SD EAR |
| TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL |
highest average dietary intake level which poses no threat to general population |
| ESTIMATED ENERGY REQUIREMENT |
average energy intake to maintain an energy balance |
| ENERGY CONTENT OF FOOD |
calculated from heat released by total combustion of food in calorimeter |
| how is energy used by the body |
reesting metabolic rate - post absorptive state -- thermic effect - heat increases by 30 % during digestion and absorption -- exercise |
| AMDR -- ACCEPTABLE MACRONUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION RANGE |
range of intake for particular nutrient - reduces risk of chronic disease |
| trans fatty acid |
inc ldl -- dec in hdl -- inc in chd |
| unsat fatty acids |
dec ldl -- dec hdl -- dec chd |
| saturated fatty acids |
inc ldl -- no effect hdl -- inc chd |
| advantages of fibre |
soluble so dec ldl and inc fecal bile acid excretion -- reduces constipation, haemarrhoid formation, softens stool -- dec absorption of fat so inc fecal loss of c -- bowel motility inc so reduces carcinogen formation risk |
| low glycemic index |
sense of satiety over a longer period of time -- limits caloric intake |
| proteins from animal |
have higher quality contains all essential a.a. |
| positive nitrogen balance =i}E |
pregnancy/ childhood |
| negative nitrogen balance |
stress -- lack of a.a. -- surgery |
| how is excess protein eliminated from the body? |
deaminated -- used for energy -- provides acetyl coa for fa synthesis -- eliminated as urinary nitrogen |
| kwashikhor disease |
protein deprivation is GREATER than total caloric intake -- children over 1 year old -- edema in stomach anorexic -- |
Spanish 3
