| Question |
Answer |
| PCO2 |
partial pressure of CO2 |
| percent of CO2 carried in the plasma |
10% |
| the faster and more deeply the patient breaths the |
more CO2 is blown off |
| as CO2 levels increase |
blood pH decreases |
| as CO2 levels increase |
blood PCO2 increases |
| a rise in PCO2 stimulates a rise in |
respiratory rate |
| in metabolic acidosis the lungs attempt to compensate by |
blowing off CO2 |
| in metabolic alkylosis the lungs attempt to compensate by |
retaining CO2 |
| Most of the CO2 content in the blood is |
HCO3- |
| Bicarbonate ion |
HCO3- |
| CO2 content is an indirect measurement of |
HCO3- |
| _____ is a measurement of the metabolic (renal) component of the acid-base equilibrium |
HCO3- |
| in respiratory alkylosis the _____ excrete HCO3 in an attempt to lower pH |
kidneys |
| the measure of the tension of O2 dissolved in the plasma |
PO2 |
| patients in whom venous blood mixes prematurely with arterial blood have a decrease in ____ |
PO2 |
| the indication of the percentage of hemoglobin filled with O2 |
O2 saturation |
| when ___% to 100% of the hemoglobin carries O2 the tissues are adequately provided with O2 |
92 |
| non-inasive method of determining O2 saturation |
pulse oximetry |
| a negative base excess indicates |
metabolic acidosis |
| a positive base excess indicates |
metabolic alkylosis or compensation to prolonged respiratory acidosis |
| acidosis is present if the pH is less than |
7.4 |
| alkylosis is present if the pH is greater than |
7.4 |
| if the PCO2 is low in a patient who has been said to have acidosis the patient has |
metabolic acidosis |
| if the PCO2 is high in a patient who has been said to have acidosis the patient has |
respiratory acidosis |
| if the PCO2 is low in a patient who has been said to have alkylosis the patient has |
respiratory alkylosis |
| if the PCO2 is high in a patient who has been said to have alkylosis the patient has |
metabolic alkylosis |
| O2 saturation can be falsely increased by the inhalation of |
carbon monoxide |
| In patients with COPD the stimulus to breathe is not triggered by CO2 levels but by |
O2 |
| Perform which test before performing an arterial puncture in the radial artery |
Allen test |
| low pH, low HCO3-, low CO2 |
metabolic acidosis |
| low pH, high HCO3-, high CO2 |
respiratory acidosis |
| high pH, high HCO3-, high CO2 |
metabolic alkalosis |
| high pH, low HCO3-, low CO2 |
respiratory alkalosis |
| pH <7.4 |
acidemia |
| pH >7.4 |
alkalemia |
| normal pCO2 |
40 |
| normal HCO3- |
22-29 |
| __|__|__/ (bottom) | |X \ chem 7 |
creatinine |
| X |__|__/ | | \ chem 7 |
Na |
| __|X |__/ | | \ chem 7 |
Cl |
| __|__|X / | | \ chem 7 |
BUN |
| __|__|__/ (bottom) X | | \ chem 7 |
K |
| __|__|__/ (bottom) |X | \ chem 7 |
HCO3- |
| __|__|__/ | | \ X chem 7 |
glucose |
| if bicarb is low you expect pCO2 to be |
low |
| if pCO2 is high you expect bicarb to be |
high |
| example of cause of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis |
diarrhea |
| example of cause of anion gap metabolic acidosis |
excessive alcohol consumption |
| non-anion gap metabolic acidosis is characterized by |
loss of bicarb |
| anion gap metabolic acidosis is characterized by |
gain of acid |
| normal Cl- is |
96-106 |
| normal BUN is |
7-18 |
| normal glucose |
70-115 |
| normal creatinine |
0.6-1.2 |
| normal K |
3.5-5.1 |
| normal Na |
135-145 |
| normal anion gap |
7-16 |
| normal osmolality |
275-295 |
| primary etiology of respiratory acidosis |
lungs fail to eliminate CO2 |
| example of a cause of metabolic alkalosis |
protracted vomiting |
| example of a cause of metabolic alkalosis |
ingestion of a large quantity of base |
| in a metabolic alkalotic state will you have hypokalemia or hyperkalemia |
hypokalemia |
| in a metabolic acidotic state will you have hypokalemia or hyperkalemia |
hyperkalemia |
| primary etiology of respiratory alkalosis |
lungs are eliminating too much CO2 |
| in acute respiratory acidosis for every increase of pCO2 of 10mm pH decreases by |
.08 |
| in chronic repiratory acidosis for every increase of pCO@ of 10mm, ph decreases by |
.03 |
| in acute respiratory alkalosis for every decrease of pCO2 of 10mm pH increases by |
.08 |
| in chronic respiratory alkalosis for every decreas of pCO2 of 10mm pH increases by |
.03 |
| a pH which is too acid for the PCO2 |
metabolic acidosis |
| the only acid which can be exhaled via the lungs |
carbon dioxide |
| includes all of the body's acids except carbon dioxide |
metabolic acids |
| difference between the sum of the major anions and the major cations |
anion gap |
| _____ is the same as Respiratory Acidosis |
high pCO2 |
| The normal value of pCO2 in arterial blood is __mmHg |
40 |
| implies a raised [H+] level with a normal PCO2 |
pure metabolic acidosis |
| high PCO2 causes molecules of CO2 and water to form carbonic acid which ionizes to increase both [HCO3-] and [H+] |
pure respiratory acidosis |
HHS Shrek
