Question | Answer |
EAR | ESTIMATED AVERAGE REQUIREMENT - daily - for 1/2 individuals in a particular stage or group |
RDA | RECOMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE -- meets requirements of 97-98% of individuals |
FORMULA OF RDA | RDA= EAR + 2SD EAR |
TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL | highest average dietary intake level which poses no threat to general population |
ESTIMATED ENERGY REQUIREMENT | average energy intake to maintain an energy balance |
ENERGY CONTENT OF FOOD | calculated from heat released by total combustion of food in calorimeter |
how is energy used by the body | reesting metabolic rate - post absorptive state -- thermic effect - heat increases by 30 % during digestion and absorption -- exercise |
AMDR -- ACCEPTABLE MACRONUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION RANGE | range of intake for particular nutrient - reduces risk of chronic disease |
trans fatty acid | inc ldl -- dec in hdl -- inc in chd |
unsat fatty acids | dec ldl -- dec hdl -- dec chd |
saturated fatty acids | inc ldl -- no effect hdl -- inc chd |
advantages of fibre | soluble so dec ldl and inc fecal bile acid excretion -- reduces constipation, haemarrhoid formation, softens stool -- dec absorption of fat so inc fecal loss of c -- bowel motility inc so reduces carcinogen formation risk |
low glycemic index | sense of satiety over a longer period of time -- limits caloric intake |
proteins from animal | have higher quality contains all essential a.a. |
positive nitrogen balance =i}E | pregnancy/ childhood |
negative nitrogen balance | stress -- lack of a.a. -- surgery |
how is excess protein eliminated from the body? | deaminated -- used for energy -- provides acetyl coa for fa synthesis -- eliminated as urinary nitrogen |
kwashikhor disease | protein deprivation is GREATER than total caloric intake -- children over 1 year old -- edema in stomach anorexic -- |