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CVA Definitions
COTA Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cerebrovascular accident | (stroke) sudden loss of blood supply to the brain that damages and kills brain cells, thus resulting in neurological deficits related to the involved areas of the brain |
| hemiplegia | one-sided paralysis |
| hemiparesis | partial motor loss on one side of the body |
| transient ischemic attack | (TIA) incomplete stroke. temporary. symptoms are usually mild, develop suddenly, and last for a few minutes up to 24 hours |
| ischemic stroke | 80% of total strokes. may be caused by a thrombus (blood clot that causes blockage) or an embolus (traveling blood clot) |
| hemorrhagic stroke | occurs when a rupture of a blood vessel results in bleeding into the brain. 20% of all strokes. high death rate |
| flaccid paralysis | absence of muscle tone |
| hypotonicity | low muscle tone |
| deep vein thrombosis | (DVT) the most common complication after a CVA. usually develops in the paretic leg |
| subluxation | separation of the glenohumeral joint (glenoid fossa of scapular and head of humerus) due to paralysis or weakness of the rotator cuff muscles and spasticity of scapula muscles |
| synergy | flaccid paralysis is often replaced by spastic paralysis resulting in a nonfunctional extremity. clients move the affected extremities in flexion and extension patterns called synergies. may progress to contractures or deformities w/o intervention |
| hypertonicity | high muscle tone. tends to increase with stressful bodily changes such as pain, fatigue, infections, injury, ulcers, and bowel dysfunction |
| hemianopsia | a permanent visual defect after a stroke that results in a loss of vision on the contralateral half of the visual field of the lateral (temporal) aspect of the hemiplegic side and the medial (nasal) aspect of the unaffected side |
| motor preservation | meaningless, nonpurposeful repititon of an action |
| emotional liability | the inability to control the expression of emotions |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing or the inability to swallow. caused by sensory loss and muscle weakness in the structures of the mouth and throat |
| aphasia | an acquired language disorder that may result in a wide variety of deficits |
| alexia | difficulty in reading comprehension |
| agraphia | inability to comprehend written expression |
| acalculia | difficulty in mathematical skills |
| anomia | word-finding difficulty |
| Brocha's aphasia | difficulty speaking (expressive) |
| Wernike's aphasia | problems understanding language (receptive) |
| global aphasia | difficulty with speaking and understanding language, combination of Brocha and Wernike |
| dysarthria | difficulty pronouncing many sounds or combinations of sounds, causing slurred speech |
Created by:
serugh
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