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Russian Revolution -
Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Russo-Japanese War | battle over Manchuria and Korea; Japan won are proved that they are a Great Power; Russia- stiffle czar critisism and secure Vladiviostak; Russia losses |
| Alexander III | son of Alexander II (freed serfs); reactionary and silenced even peaceful criticism |
| pograms | work/labor camps for the Jews and political dissenders in Russia; worsest up until that point |
| Russification | oppostie of nationalism; forced assimulation of Ukraines, Poles, Lithuanians, etc into Russian culture; led by Alexander III |
| Pobiedonostev | leader of Russification, procurator of Holy Synod; saw west as alien and bad, attacked rationalism and liberalism |
| Constitutional Democrats | aka Cadets; 'constitutionalists' that worried more about the need of an elected parliament than troubles of factories and peasansts; rising business and professional clasess, landownders |
| mirs | peasant village farmning communtities |
| Kulaks | more wealthy (but still really poor) peasants; 'big farmers' who could own and lease a small part of land; later hated |
| populists | most of revolutionary intelligentsia; interested in peasant problems and welfare; admired the mirs and read Marx/Engels; capitalism did not have to seceede socialism; revolution will come soon |
| Social Revolutionaries | supported peasant revolution; |
| Social Democrats | supported a working class revolution |
| Bolsheviks | 'majority' of Social Revolutionaries; revolution now, dont wait to industrialize |
| Mensheviks | 'minority'; revolution needs to wait for industrialization |
| Bloody Sunday | a group of peaceful protesters tried to tell their issues to czar Nicholas II; he was out of town, torrps paniched and killed 100s |
| soviets | councils of workers; main one is in St. Petersburg |
| Ocotober Manifesto | czar promised a constitution, civil liberties, and Duma; divided oppostition (threw a bone); constitutional Dem, others figured it was a deception (which it was) |
| Father Gapon | priest who believed that the czar just didn't realize that there were problems in Russia; led group that caused Bloody Sunday |
| Duma | Russian parliament; never had much power - no power over foreign policy, budget or gov personnel; 4 dumas |
| Peter Stolypin | wanted to build up propertied classes as friends of Russia; believed a state had little to fear if it was supported by intellectuals; broadened powers of zemstvos; unwilling support from czar and hate from revolutionaries; killed |
| Pravada | Bolshevik party paper (freedom of Russian press) |
| Little Father | aka the czar Nicholas II |
| Alexandra | czarina (who was kinda crazy); German and hated all Russians outside of her family |
| Rasputin | self-appointed holy man; cured Alexandras son of hemophillia; assassinated |
| Petrograd Soviet | "the" soviet to be in; where Bolsheviks first gained popularity (among the soviets); equivalent to Paris Commune |
| Provisional Government | continued the war, said they would help redistriubte land but never did; overthrown by Bolsheviks |
| Alexander Kerensky | a moderate Social Revolutionist; only socialist in PG; named head of PG; blaimed him for allowing counterrevolutionary plot under his gov; abandoned |
| Order No. 1 | Petrograd Soviets declared that command in the army was controled by committes elected by officers and soldiers; fearing reactionary officers; it worked |
| General Kornilov | reactionary military commander; lead counterrevolutionary attempt, support by both Left and Right (to defeat soviets); failed |
| Russian Congress of Soviets | pre-replacement of PG; Lenin and Bolshevik led government; call this until Lenin declared PG extint |
| Counil of People's Commissars | declared PG defunct; new name for Russian Congress of Soviets; so new Russain government; Lenin- head; Trotsky- military; Stalin- commissar for nationalities |
| Leon Trotsky | foreign affairs; similar to Robespierre |
| communist Party | renamed Bolshevik party |
| Cheka | Lenin's political police; 'All Russian Commission of Struggle Against Counterrevolution, Speculation, and Sabatoge' |
| KGB | eventual successor of Cheka |
| Red Army | Russian/communist Army; led by Trotsky |
| war communism | nationalized largest industries, but most still under workers' committees |
| Vladivostok | Allied countries wanted Bolsheviks to go down; planned to recapture Russia by starting at this city and movie east to Moscow in Russian Civil War |
| Whites | the enemies of the Reds in the russian Civil War; made of Russians, US, and Japan |
| Red Terror | physical extermination of those who opposed the communist regime; carried out by Lenin and the Cheka |
| Kronstadt | sailors here were among first adherants to Bolshevism; began to object to domination of Soviets; killed, like Hebertists |
| Constituent Assembly | the new Russian government |
| USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; 15 'republics', Russia leading country; split into nationalities |
| Supreme Soviet | elected government of USSR; mostly just for show |
| Soviet of Nationalities | upper house of Supreme Soviet; representatives of all regions and cultural districts- mostly Russian and Slavic |
| Soviet of the Union | lower house |
| Communitst Party | real leaders of the USSR |
| Central Committee | largest, starting place within the party; 70+ members |
| Politburo | 12 or so members; select few from CC; dominated discussion of party and had authority over all levels |
| General SEcretary | leader of the Politboro; calls all the shots; similar to a president (ex: Lenin, Stalin, Krushchev) |
| NEP | New Economic Plan; allowence of some capital to build up - maybe kinda easing up?? but we'll never know cause BAM assassination |
| Leningrad | Petrograd/St. Petersburg |
| permanent revolution | an incessand drive for proletariat objectives on all fronts in all parts of the world; Stalin attempting to force communism down Europe's throat; cause of fascism |
| Five-Year Plan | launched in 1928; rapid industrialization and collectivisation of agriculture; causes great famine in Ukraine |
| Gosplan | agency that administered the first 5Year Plan; determined how much of a national effort should go into formation of capital and how much should go to daily consumption |
| collectivization | originally only 1/5 of Russain farms, but plan eventually included mostly all Russian farms; collective farms owned by peasants as a whole; lead to famine |
| stakhanovites | 'labor heroes' who increased productivity |
| Serge Kirov | Stalin's oldest alliance; assassinated by Stalin, igniting the start of the Great Terror |
| Great Terror | Stalin's purge of his political enemies; killed 3 million + |
| Old Bolsheviks | originial Bolsheviks; Stalin murdered almost all during GT; they 'confessed' for crimes after months of torture |
| Comminterm | communist international |
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