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Chapter 11 - Terms
Industrial Revolution, -isms, and Age of Metternich
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | going to machine made production instead of domestic system (great economic change); mid-late 1700s in GB |
| Neolithic Revolution | the first agricultural revolution; shift from hunting and gathering to farming |
| capital | wealth used to create more wealth |
| enclosure acts | Parliament decides to enclose mini farms and give to big farmers; to include everyone in more productive 18th century farming; NOT government taking over the land |
| mills | aka factories; displaced farmers would work here; bad conditions, overcrowded; takes awhile for reform to happen |
| Boulton and Watt | created the steam engine; allowed mills and factories to be powered by something besides water (dont have to be by rivers anymore) |
| George Spehenson's Rocket | early steam locomotive |
| textiles | cotton (GB no longer needs to get it from India) |
| Manchester | famous, prototype of an industrialized British city; has no representation in Parliament, so it takes awhile to reform (plus economic capitalism - Adam Smith laissez-faire) |
| cotton lords | like factory is the manor; want to replace, think as a new nobility |
| Factory Act | first reforms for mills; no extreme child labor |
| laissez-faire | Adam Smith; government stays out of the affairs of business (not regulated); takes awhile for reform to happen in Parliament (plus Napoleon) |
| iron law of wages | the doctrine or theory that wages tend toward a level sufficient only to maintain a subsistence standard of living; if I pay you more, you'll have more kids; agruement that the government/businessmen are on your side |
| dismal science | population would always grow faster than food, dooming mankind to unending poverty and hardship; aka life sucks |
| romanticism | more of a movement, philosophy, antienlightenment; cant ignore other side of humanity, feelings and nature; would like Dark Ages; right wing but NOT a political movement |
| monarchism | wants absolute monarchy; still there, but old school and right wing by early-mid 19th century |
| conservatism | general, blanket term; protect the status quo and resist change (tradition); for mid 1800s, conservatives are mostly nobles |
| liberalism | generic, blanket term - always same spot, what they want will change; willingness to change and reform; bourgeoisie, common wealthy people; want just enough change to benefit them, but no more |
| radicalism | immediate, sweeping, drastic change; for majority of people, working class (factory workers); different kinds; economic line: to right- political change only, to left-political and economic change |
| republicanism | NOT republican party today; freely elect representatives, NOT a monarchy; radical right up to economic line |
| socialism | government owns business, plans economy, and pays you a just wage to everyone in society |
| Marxism | gov takes over economy (all things socialist); eventually elimination of wealth and private property MORE LATER |
| communism | no longer need for economics (bye bye private property); share burden and benefits together; all comm. are socialists, but not all socail. are comm. |
| nationalism | draw lines around themselves (country) for religion, race, etc, and declaring yourself sovereign; term itself is right, we're different than you- can go crazy and say i'm better; its gonna take a revolution: its cool new to do this; in reality, LEFT WING |
| constitutionalism | have a constituion that limits the government |
| humanitarianism | leftish if gov gives moeny,; charity is more of a rightish mode |
| feminism | left wing, but right of economic line; if you dont know what this is, you're stupid |
| individualism | gotta fend for yourself, laissez-faire; pretty moderate |
| capitalism | depends on what you want |
| Metternich | Austrian foreign minister who orchestrated Europe's affairs after Napoleon; main goal was to maintain a system in Europe with Hapsburgs on top (conservatism) |
| Carlsbad Decrees | a set of regulations designed to check the growth of liberalism and nationalism in Germany; 1819 |
| Six Acts of 1819 | GB; demonstration in St. Peter's Fields for liberal reforms was violently put down; ended any revolutionary possibilities in GB |
| Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818) | powers withdraw forces from France; Alexander I suggests a European union w/international military forces; powers blocked this idea |
| Congress of Troppay (1820) | mett turns Alex I reactionary; Mett wanted to unite the powers in collective security against revolution; Fr and GB reject proposal; Austria, Russia, and Prussia agree- forming a type of anti-revolutionary alliance |
| Congress of Verona (1822) | Greek revolutiionary attempt to convert the Turkish empire to a Greek empire failed with little international support; French troops are authorized to invade Spain and successfully resotre the church and king |
| Monroe Doctrine | succesfully contributed to the reactionary movement of not spreading to Euro colonies to Western Hemisphere |
| Russian Decemberist Revolt | after Alexander I's death; succession dispute; 1st modern revolutionary movement in Russia, as rebels called for a constiution for Russia; Constance please take throne? but Nichola I takes it |
| Charles X of France | resisted reform in France until rioting in July of 1830 forced his abdication; succeded by 'compromise' king, Louis Phillipe |
| Belgium was guaranteed as a ____ state because of the Treaty of Vienna | neutral (forbid invasion) |
| disappearance of 'Congress Poland' | Polish revolution in 1830, crushed under Nicholas I; incorporated into the Russian Empire |
| Reform Bill of 1832 | reallocated the seats in the House of Commons |
| Factory Act of 1833 | forbad the labor of children less than nine years old in the textile mills |
| Ten Hours Act of 1847 | limited the labor of women and kids to ten hours a day |
| Repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 | lowered tariffs on imported farm products; resulted in British dependence on world economy |
| Congress of Vienna (maybe repeat, but idk) | want to keep the land around France strong; restore all original monarchs back in power; balance of power between 5 Great Powers (GB, France, Russia, Austria, Prussia_ |
| St. Peter's Fields | aka Peterloo; reform movement in GB |
| Constantine (of Russia) | Constantine and Constitution; old, but favored some modernization |
| Nicholas I (of Russia) | more of a good old fashioned Russian czar |
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