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Pediatric Exam 1
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer | Question | Answer | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive processes | Changes in an individual’s thought, intelligence and language (putting together a 2 word sentence, memorizing a poem) | Erickson | Psychosocial Theory. Includes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved | Descriptive Design | Observe and record behavior (researcher might observe the extent to which ppl are aggressive towards each other) |
| Scientific method | An approach that can be used to obtain accurate information. It includes these steps (1. Conceptualize the problem, 2. Collect data, 3. Draw conclusions and 4. Revise research conclusions and theory.) | Lorenz | Ethological Theory. Stresses that behavior strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods | Describe some areas of bias in developmental research | Gender Bias, Cultural and Ethnic Bias |
| Freud | Psychoanalytic Theory. Describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion. Behavior is merely a surface characteristic and the symbolic workings of the mind have to be analyzed to understand behavior. | Bronfenbrenner | Ecological Theory. Maintains that development reflects the influence of five environmental systems; microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem | Lifelong | Early adulthood is not the endpoint of development; rather no age period dominates development. |
| Longitudinal approach | A research strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period of time, usually several years or more | Cohort Effects Approach | Are due to a person’s time of birth, era, or generation but not to actual age. | Multidimensional | Consist of biological, cognitive and socioemotional dimensions ex. (Memory, Abstract thinking, Speed of processing information and Social Intelligence) few components of cognitive. |
| Identify the contemporary definition of development? | The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span. | Identify characteristics of life-span development/perspective? | (Lifelong, Multidimensional, Multidirectional, Plastic, Multidisciplinary and Contextual) | Plastic | Capacity for change. Ex (can you still improve your intellectual skills when you are in your 70s or 80s or is a 10yr old destined to be shy forever?) |
| Multidisciplinary | How does your heredity and health limits your intelligence? How do family and schools influence intellectual development? These are research questions that cut across disciplines | Contextual | Like individuals change. Context exerts 3 types of influences (Normative age-graded influences, Normative history-graded influences and Nonnormative or highly individualized life events.) | Identify affects of gender, context, culture, ethnicity, social policy and generational inequity? | The affects are health and well-being, parenting, education, sociocultural contexts and diversity, and social policy are all areas of contemporary concern that are closely tied to life-span development |
| Gender | Few aspects of our development are more central to our identity and social relationships than gender. | Context | Individuals are changing beings in a changing world such as families, schools, peer groups & churches. | Culture | Behavior patterns, beliefs and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation. |
| Ethnicity | on cultural heritage3, nationality, race, religion and language | Social Policy | The laws, regulations and government programs designed to promote the welfare of its citizens. | Generational inequity | The view that our aging society is being unfair to its younger members b/c older adults pile up advantages by receiving inequitably large allocations of resources. |
| Biological processes | Changes in an individual’s physical nature (brain, height and weight gains) | Piaget | Cognitive Theory. States that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development | Correlational Design | to describe the strength of the relationship between 2 or more events or characteristics (To study if children of permissive parents have less self-control than other children) |
| Socioemotional processes | Changes in an individual’s relationships with other people, emotions and personality (infants smile response to a parents touch) | Vygotsky | Sociocultural Cognitive Theory. That emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development | Experimental Design | A carefully regulated procedure in which one or more of the factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other factors are held constant |
| Nature | refers to an organism’s biological inheritance | Bandura | Social Cognitive Theory. Emphasizes behavior, environment, and cognition as the key factors in development | Cross-sectional approach | A research strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at one time. |
| Nurture | refers to an organism’s environmental experiences | Skinner | Behavioral Cognitive Theory | Multidirectional | Throughout life, some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink. Ex (When 1 language such as English is acquired early in development the capacity for acquiring 2nd & 3rd languages such as Spanish &Chinese decreases later |
Created by:
Sir_Blackwell03
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