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RT 82 CT
Head Anatomy Cross Section CT Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The central nervous system can be divided into which 2 main divisions? | The brain & spinal cord |
| The solid spinal cord terminates at the level of the lower border of which vertebrae? What is this tapered area of the spinal cords called? | L1. Conus Medullaris |
| The specialized cells of the nervous system that conduct electrical impulses are called what? What are the parts of these cells that receive electrical impulses called? | Neurons. Dendrites |
| What are 3 meninges membrane layers that enclose the brain & spinal cord called (from outer to inner layer)? | Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Pia Mater. |
| What is the space or potential space outside the Dura Mater? What is the narrow space containing a thin layer of fluid between the Dura Mater & Arachnoid? What is the wider space between the Arachnoid & Pia Mater that is filled with CSF? | Epidural space. Subdural space. Subarachnoid space. |
| The large cerebrum is divided into Rt & Lt hemispheres. What are the 5 lobes that each hemisphere of the cerebrum is further divided into (with 4 lobes lying under cranial bones)? | Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, Temporal lobe & Insula (Central lobe). |
| What is the deep fissure that separates the Lt & Rt cerebral hemispheres called? What is the fold of Dura Mater that extends deep within this fissure called? | Longitudinal fissure. The Falx Cerebri. |
| What is the name of the following frequently demonstrated raised areas (convulusions) on the anterior & posterior portion of the cerebral hemispheres? What is the frequently demonstrated groove in the central lateral area called? | Anterior Gyrus, Central Sulcus, Posterior Gyrus. |
| What is the name of the arched mass of transverse fibers (white matter) that connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres? | Corpus Callosum. |
| The CSF completely surrounds the brain & spinal cord by filling the space called what? A complete blockage of this space may result in what? | The subarachnoid space. Hydrocephalus. |
| What is teh central midline portion of the brain connecting the Midbrain, Pons & Medulla to the spinal cord called? | The brain stem |
| What does white matter consist of & is it outer/inner layer? What does gray matter consist of & is it outer/inner layer? | myelinated axons & inner layer. Dendrites & cell bodies & outer layer. |
| Which aspect of the brain serves as an interpretation center for certain sensory impulses?brain stem? | Thallamus |
| What are 3 abdominal organs not previously visualized radiographically until the invention of CT? | Spleen, Pancreas, Liver |
| What are 3 diagnostic imaging modalities which utilize the visualization of anatomy in cross section? | CT, MRI, PET (Nuclear Medicine) |
| What are 3 properties of a detector that control its effectiveness & efficiency? | Size of the detector. Alignment with the tube. Type of material that receives radiation on the detector. |
| What are the 3 primary components of a CT system? | Gantry, Operator Console, Computer |
| What devices replaced high tension cables in helical CT scanners? | The slip ring |
| What was the primary difference between each generation of CT scanners? | The # & the arrangement of the detectors |
| Which generation had 4800 or more detectors on a fixed ring & was the 1st type with fixed detectors rather than detectors rotating with an x-ray tube? | 4th generation |
| Which generations have continuous volume scanning (CVS)& are capable of volume scanning? | 3rd & 4th generation |
| Which generations have a 1 minute scan time for an entire exam? | 4th generation & multislice scanner |
| Which generation scanner was 8x faster than a single second single slice scanner? | Multislice scanner |
| Which generation scanner is capable of acquiring 4 or more slices simultaneously? | Multislice scanner |
| Which generation scanner had a 1-2 detector scanner? Which scanner had scan times of 4 1/2 minutes oer slice? | 1st generation scanner |
| What was the 1st scanner with fan shaped beam & 30 or more detectors? | 2nd generation |
| wWhat are 4 advantages of CT over conventional x-ray? | Visualization of anatomic structures w/no superimposition. Better contrast resolution between varying types of soft tissue. MPR (MultiPlaner Reconstruction). Manipulation of attenuation data. |
| Which generation contains a bank of up to 960 detectors? Which generation was the 1st to rotate a full 360 degrees around the patient. Which generation was the 1st w/large aperture permitting full body scanning? | 3rd generation |
| Which pitch ratio leads to higher patient dose? | Lower pitch ratio leads to higher patient dose |
| What is the formula for the pitch? | Pitch = table movement per 360 degree rotation divided by collimation. Pitch = mm/sec divided by slice thickness |
| What is the pitch a relationship between? | Table speed & slice thickness |
| What is pitch defined as? | The amount of anatomy examined during a particular scan. |
| What are advantages of multislice technology? | Shorter acquisition time. Decreased amount of contrast medium. Improved spatial resolution. Improved image quality. |
| What does the window level control in CT? | Window level controls brightness. Window level determines the CT # that will be the center of the window width. |
| What does the window width control in CT? What does a wider window give? | Window width controls the displayed image contrast. Window width controls the range of CT #'s displayed (How many shades of gray). A wider window = longer contrast. |
| What does the CT # indicate? | The CT # indicates the amount of x-ray attenuation per pixel. |
| What is partial volume phenomenon? | A type of CT artifact. A # given to a pixel that has 2 different densities with a huge difference. |
| What do detectors measure in a CT system? | Attenuation of radiation by a given tissue/ |
| Which of the following is 2D & which is 3D? | Pixel (Picture Element) is 2D. Voxel (Volume Element) is 3D. |
| What do the following Hounsfeld units relate to & which shade of gray........ +1000, +45, +20, 0, -1000? | +1000 Bone White, +45 White matter Light gray, +20 Blood Gray, 0 Water Baseline, -1000 Air Black. |
| What is the pre patient collimator? What does it control? | The source collimator (in the tube). Controls the thickness of the slice. |
| What is the post patient collimator? | Detector collimator (collimator in the detector). Absorbs scatter. |
| What type of contrast for a Lung Window? What type of contrast for a Mediastinal Window? | Low contrast for lung window. High contrast for a mediastinal windows. |
Created by:
jamestkelley
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