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Merrill's Chapter 3
Joint and Bone Classification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Long Bones | Found only in limbs. Consist of long cylindric shaft (body) and two enlarged rounded ends. |
| Short Bones | Cancellous bone. Red marrow Compact bone outer layer |
| Irregular Bones | Shape and variety fits into no other catagory. |
| Flat Bones | Consist largely of two table of compact bone with inner layer of cancellous bone and red marrow (diploid). |
| Sesamoid bones | Small oval bones that develop inside/beside tendons. |
| Fibrous Joints | Do not have joint cavity. United by fibrous and connective tissue. Strongest joints |
| Syndesmosis | Fibrous joint immovable / slightly movable joint. United by sheets of fibrous tissue. |
| Suture | Immovable fibrous joint only in skull interlocking bones |
| Gomphosis | fibrous joint immovable joint only in roots of teeth |
| Cartilaginous Joints | no joint cavity virtually immovable Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
| Symphysis | Carilaginous joint Slightly movable pad of fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage ends Strength and shock absorb (Pubic symphysis) |
| synchondrosis | cartilaginous joint immovable rigid cartilage uniting two bones (epiphyseal plate) |
| Synovial joint | wide range of motion freely movable most complex Synovial capsule |
| Gliding (plane) | Simplest synovial joint uniaxial movement Flat or slightly curved surface (intercarpal, intertarsal) |
| Hinge | Synovial Uniaxial only flexion and extension (elbow, knee, ankle) |
| Pivot (trochoid) | Synovial uniaxial rotate around single axis (atlas and axis) |
| Ellipsoid (condyloid) | Synovial Biaxial two direction right angle movement Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction (radiocarpal joint in wrist) |
| Saddle (sellar) | Synovial, biaxial movement, both concave and convex, side to side-up and down movement. carpometacarpal (thumb) is only one. |
| Ball and Socket (spheroid) | synovial multiaxial movement flexion, extension, abduction,adduction, circumduction, rotation. Hip and shoulder |
| Functional Classification | Synarthroses, amphiarthrosis, diarthroses |
| synarthroses | immovable joint in functional classification system |
| amphiarthroes | slightly movable joint in functional classification system |
| diarthroses | freely movable joint in functional classification. |
| Define closed fracture | Fracture that does not break through skin |
| Displaced fracture | Serious fracture in which bones are not in an anatomic alignment |
| Non displaced fracture | Fracture in which bones are in normal alignment |
| Open fracture | Serious fracture in which bone projects through skin |
| 3 types of fibrous joints | syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis |
| 2 types cartilaginous joints | Symphysis, synchondrosis |
| 6 synovial joints | gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid ,saddle, ball and socket |
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