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Cianci- Greenstein
The Crimean War/ Reforms in the Ottoman Empire
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Primary cause of the Crimean War: | Russia's desire to expand it's influence over the Ottoman Empire |
March 28, 1854 | France and Britain declare war on Russia in allegiance with the Ottomans (Austria and Prussia remained neutral) |
September of 1855 | after a long siege, the Russian fortress of Sevastopol was taken by the French and British, leading to both sides desiring an end of the war |
Treaty of Paris (March 1856) | Russians must give up land at the mouth of the Danube River, recognize the neutrality of the Black Sea, and renounce its vow to protect orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire |
Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane | attempted to recognize the empire's military and administration in a European manner |
Tanzimat (1839-1876) | Reorganization era of the Ottoman Empire |
Hatt-i Humayun | spelled out the rights of non-Muslims more explicitly, giving them equal obligations of military service to Muslims and giving them equal opportunity for state employment and admission to state schools |
Breakdown of the Millet System | an effort by the Ottomans to have everyone recognized as Ottoman citizens rather than as members of specific religious communities |
Ulema | those who wanted to maintain the rule of the original Islamic law, Sharia |
1877 | First meeting of the Ottoman Empire's parliament in an effort to modernize the empire and become more like the Europeans, while leaving the Sultan's power mostly intact |
1908 | military officials carried out a revolution against the authority, but no the person of the sultan |
Young Turks | group of reformist officers that held power up until WW1 and eventually led to the empire's defeat and collapse |
Main underlying theme of the Ottoman reforms from 1839 to 1914? | Secularizing the government and reducing/removing the influence of the Muslim authorities on government affairs |