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LING-GrammaticalCate

LING-The 20 Grammatical Categories of Traditional Linguistics

QuestionAnswer
Animacy a grammatical category of nouns based on how sentient or alive the referent of the noun in a given taxonomic scheme is.
Aspect a grammatical category that defines the temporal flow (or lack thereof) in a given action, event, or state, from the point of view of the speaker.
Case of a noun or pronoun is an inflectional form that indicates its grammatical function in a phrase, clause, or sentence.
Clusivity is a distinction between inclusive and exclusive first-person pronouns and verbal morphology, also called inclusive "we" and exclusive "we".
Definiteness is a feature of noun phrases, distinguishing between entities which are specific and identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and entities which are not (indefinite noun phrases).
Degree of comparison of an adjective or adverb describes the relational value of one thing with something in another clause of a sentence.
Evidentiality is, broadly, the indication of the nature of evidence for a given statement; that is, whether evidence exists for the statement and/or what kind of evidence exists.
Focus is most commonly understood in linguistics to refer to that part of a sentence which expresses the centre of attention or assertion of the utterance, that part of its meaning which is not presupposed in discourse.
Gender is defined linguistically as a system of classes of nouns which trigger specific types of inflections in associated words, such as adjectives, verbs and others.
Mirativity is a particular grammatical element in some languages that indicates unexpected and new information.
Modality is what allows speakers to evaluate a proposition relative to a set of other propositions.
Mood is a grammatical (and specifically, morphological) feature of verbs, used to signal modality.
Noun class refers to a system of categorizing nouns
Number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two", or "three or more").
Person in linguistics, is deictic reference to a participant in an event; such as the speaker, the addressee, or others.
Polarity is the distinction of affirmative and negative.
Tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place.
Topic is informally what is being talked about, and the comment (rheme or focus) is what is being said about the topic.
Transitivity is a property of verbs that relates to whether a verb can take direct objects and how many such objects a verb can take.
Voice of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.).
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