click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MCAT Gen Chem
Question | Answer |
---|---|
quantum number: n | principle quantum number |
quantum number: l | angular momentum quantum number; 0 to n-1 |
quantum number: ml | magnetic quantum number (orbital within a subshell); -l to l |
quantum number: ms | spin quantum number; -1/2 to +1/2 |
hund's rule | orbitals filled so that max # of parallel half-filled orbitals are filled first; one orbital can't have 2 e- while another has 0 |
effective nuclear charge (Zeff) | attractive, positive charge of the nucleus perceived by valence e-; INCREASE w/ electronegativity |
atomic radius | size of atom; DECREASE w/ electronegativity pattern |
ionization energy | energy required to removed an election; INCREASE w/ electronegativity & Zeff |
electron affinity | amount of energy released when an e- is added to neutral atom; larger for atoms closer to octet; INCREASE w/ electronegativity |
electronegativity | attraction of an atom for e- IN A BOND; fluorine most electronegative |
metallic character | characteristics associated with metals: electropositive, good conductors of head and electricity, malleable; DECREASE w/ electronegativity |
formal charge | valence electrons - nonbonding electrons (lone pairs) - # bonds |
AX2 | linear |
AX3 | trigonal planar |
AX2E, AX2E2 | bent |
AX4 | tetrahedral |
AX3E | trigonal pyramidal |
AX5 | trigonal bipyramidal |
AX6 | octahedral |
AX4E2 | square planar |
molecular dipole depends on... | MAGNITUDE & DIRECTION of bond dipole |
increasing strength of intermolecular forces | dispersion forces --> dipole-dipole --> ion-dipole --> hydrogen bonding (strongest) |
Boyle's law | Pressure & Volume INVERSELY proportional; P1V1= P2V2 |
Charles' Law | Volume & Temperature DIRECTLY proportional; V1/T1 = V2/T2 |
Ideal Gas Law | PV=nRT |
Dalton's Law | Ptotal= Pa + Pb + Pc +....; Pa= Xa Ptotal |
Graham's Law | SPEED of gas particles if proportional to square root of their MOLECULAR WEIGHT; @ same temp, particles have same average kinetic energy; (rate A/ rate B)= sqrt (MMb/ MMa) |
gas behaves most like ideal gas at... | low pressure, high volume |