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MCAT Gen Chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| quantum number: n | principle quantum number |
| quantum number: l | angular momentum quantum number; 0 to n-1 |
| quantum number: ml | magnetic quantum number (orbital within a subshell); -l to l |
| quantum number: ms | spin quantum number; -1/2 to +1/2 |
| hund's rule | orbitals filled so that max # of parallel half-filled orbitals are filled first; one orbital can't have 2 e- while another has 0 |
| effective nuclear charge (Zeff) | attractive, positive charge of the nucleus perceived by valence e-; INCREASE w/ electronegativity |
| atomic radius | size of atom; DECREASE w/ electronegativity pattern |
| ionization energy | energy required to removed an election; INCREASE w/ electronegativity & Zeff |
| electron affinity | amount of energy released when an e- is added to neutral atom; larger for atoms closer to octet; INCREASE w/ electronegativity |
| electronegativity | attraction of an atom for e- IN A BOND; fluorine most electronegative |
| metallic character | characteristics associated with metals: electropositive, good conductors of head and electricity, malleable; DECREASE w/ electronegativity |
| formal charge | valence electrons - nonbonding electrons (lone pairs) - # bonds |
| AX2 | linear |
| AX3 | trigonal planar |
| AX2E, AX2E2 | bent |
| AX4 | tetrahedral |
| AX3E | trigonal pyramidal |
| AX5 | trigonal bipyramidal |
| AX6 | octahedral |
| AX4E2 | square planar |
| molecular dipole depends on... | MAGNITUDE & DIRECTION of bond dipole |
| increasing strength of intermolecular forces | dispersion forces --> dipole-dipole --> ion-dipole --> hydrogen bonding (strongest) |
| Boyle's law | Pressure & Volume INVERSELY proportional; P1V1= P2V2 |
| Charles' Law | Volume & Temperature DIRECTLY proportional; V1/T1 = V2/T2 |
| Ideal Gas Law | PV=nRT |
| Dalton's Law | Ptotal= Pa + Pb + Pc +....; Pa= Xa Ptotal |
| Graham's Law | SPEED of gas particles if proportional to square root of their MOLECULAR WEIGHT; @ same temp, particles have same average kinetic energy; (rate A/ rate B)= sqrt (MMb/ MMa) |
| gas behaves most like ideal gas at... | low pressure, high volume |
Created by:
kpan
on 2011-12-22