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Bacteria/ Vx/Immunit
K-9 Fel clin mngt
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Def: Bacteriology | Single cells microorganism (no nucleus) |
Bacteria are also called? | Prokaryotes |
Bacteria outnumber other cells in our body _:_ | 10:1 |
____ disease are most commonly related to bacteria | Respiratory |
Penicillin kills by doing what? | Inhibiting synthesis in cell wall |
The __ of bacteria can move from one bacteria to another | Genetic material |
Gram positives stains ___ and have __ walls | *purple * thick |
Gram negative stains ___ and have __ walls | *red * thin |
Bacteria reproduce through | asexual replication |
*The 2 most common bacteria seen in clinic are | Staphylococci and salmonella |
bacteria common to skin infections | Staphylococci |
*Gram negative bacteria common in urine | E-coli and proteus |
Bacteria most common in ear infections | Streptococci |
Types of bacterial morphology | Spherical (cocci) *rods (bacilli/bacillus) *Elongated to form filaments |
Bacteria that occur normally in the GI tract? | Enteric rods |
What stain is used to test for TB? | Acid fast stain |
Types of Non-enteric, intracellular organisms | Rickettsia and chlamydia |
*what is a Enteric rod? | Gram neg bacteria |
*Gram + bacteria | *rods *cocci *endosporse |
2 types of Endospores | clostridium(anaerobes) and botulism |
_____ do not require oxygen in there environment | anaerobes |
What are the three forms of anthrax? | skin, inhalation and digestion form |
How quickly can anthrax symptoms start showing and what medication is commonly used? | *7 days and Penicillin |
What conditions primary clinical sign is muscle rigidity? | Tetanus |
_____ organisms always causes dz? | Intracellular parasite |
_____Ab's kill bacteria and _____ interferes with replication | *bacteriocidal * bacteriostatic |
How do you prevent the spread of bacteria? | *aseptic technique * Disinfectants |
while replicating, bacteria can ____ every ___ mins | * double *10 |
most common type of media used to grow bacteria? | solid - agar plates |
Def: Virology | Study of viruses(means toxin /poison) |
_______ parasites always need a host | intracellular |
classifications of viruses | *enveloped or non *type of nucleic acid *shape *dimension of capsid |
capsids are composed of? | protein subunits called capsomeres |
envelopes are composed primarily of? | lipids |
transmission of viruses | aerosol *skin breaks *fluid |
*5 stages of virus life cycle | *Entry into cell *uncoating *replication *maturation/assembly *realease |
Entry methods for viruses | endocytosis and fusion |
Most common route of transmission of bacteria? | Aerosol and ingestion |
Virus with short duration, not normally fatal | Acute Infection |
Virus that occurs gradually,can be fatal | Chronic Infection |
Virus that remains in the equilibrium | Latent Infection |
Method of viral diagnosis | Serology and cytology |
*What is the most common on site test? | ELISA (enzyme liked immonosorbent assay) |
_____ is used To confirm Dz exposure | Serology testing |
Core vax for K-9's? What age do you start Vax? | parvo, Distemper, rabies, adenoviru-2 *6-9 wks (q 2-4 wks) |
What is the youngest age you can give Rabies vax? | 12 wks |
What age do you start vax for Fel? | 8-10 wks |
how long are vax good for after reconstitution? | 1 hr |
2 variations of vax commonly given | MLV AND Killed |
______ inhances immune response to to vax | Adjuvants |
What are the 2 types of adjuvants? | Aluminum and salt |
What is the difference in immunity and immune system? | Immunity: Body's ability to fight infection Immune system: maintains homeostasis |
____ are foreign invaders that cause disease or immune response | Pathogens |
_____ are soluble substances; toxins and proteins | Antigens |
3 parts of the immune system | *blood(WBC) *bone marrow(B-lymphocytes) *thymus gland(T-lymphocyte) |
____ are non-living and infectious | prions |
1,2,3rd line of defense | *skin * inflammation (hiatamine) *immune response (T/B cells) |
*WBC's attach via _____ | Chemotaxis |
*3 Chemical mediators ? | *Kinins * prostaglandins * histamine |
*Chemical response to swelling? | Histamine |
*Helper T cells break into ? | Activated B cells: Antibodies Activated cytotoxic Tcells: kill infection |
_____ Cells Suppress the immune system | Suppressor T cells |
____ cells make antibodies | Plasma cells |
___ cells are responsible for cellular immunity | Cytotoxic T cells |
____ cells are responsibly for Antibodies and immunity | B cells and antibodies |
*2 Types of immunity | *Natural/inherited(active and passive) *artificial/acquired |
A form of active immunity transport? | Nose to nose |
A form of passive immunity transport? | Nursing |
Form of artificial immunity | Vaccinations |
Def: Allergies and reations | *exaggerated response by immune system *Immediate: starts in seconds *Delayed : hours to days |
Active ingredient in Benedryl | Diphenhydramine |