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Chapter 1-3 notes
Positioning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 type of muscular tissue? | smooth, cardiac, striated |
| what is a RA and a RPA? | radiologist assistant and radiology practitioner assistant. |
| identifications of radiographs what are they? | Date, R and L markers, patient name, and other identifications, institution name. |
| how far should you usually be for a chest X-ray? | 72in |
| Where to you shield? | gonads |
| What is a grid and what is it made of? | alternating strips of lead and aluminum that reduce scatter radiation. |
| where do you place the grid? | between the patient and the IR. |
| when do you use a grid? | only when kVp is greater than 60 or 9-10 cm of thickness. |
| collimator | box-like structure attached to x-ray tube with lead shutters that limit x-ray beam to a specific area. |
| what are the primary factors when using technique? | kvp,mAs,SID,film,speed. |
| does kvp decrease or increase for old age | decrease |
| does kvp decrease or increase for pneumothorax | decrease |
| does kvp decrease or increase for emyphysema | decrease |
| does kvp decrease or increase for emaciation | decrease |
| does kvp decrease or increase for degenerative arthritis | decrease |
| does kvp decrease or increase for atrophy | decrease |
| does kvp decrease or increase for pneumonia | increase |
| does kvp decrease or increase for pleural effusion | increase |
| does kvp decrease or increase for hydrocephalus | increase |
| does kvp decrease or increase for enlarged heart | increase |
| does kvp decrease or increase for edema | increase |
| does kvp decrease or increase for ascites | increase |
| disinfection | kills it |
| antiseptics | inhibits growth. |
| True or false you want the object closer to the IR? | True |
| to reduce magnification from OID you would? | Increase SID |
| when SID increase Recoreded detail? | Decreases |
| shuttering | is used to produce black background on a image for a DR. |
| inspiration | depresses diaphargm and expands the lungs |
| expiration | expands the diaphargm and shortens the lungs |
| What is a compensating filiter used for? | to even out densities on a object of varing difference. |
| wedge filiter what area is it used for? | areas of the body where density varies gradually. i.e. thoraic spine, nasal bone, abdomen, and hip AP. |
| Trough filiter what area is it used for? | best used for areas of the body where the center area is much greater than the outside area. i.e. chest |
| Boomerang filiter what area is it used for? | designed to confrom to the shaped of the shoulder but can also be used for facial bones. |
| how many bones in the body? | 206 |
| how many bones in the hand? | 27 |
| how many saddle joints in the hand? | 1 |
| what are the two body regions that seperate the body? | axial and apendicular |
| axial is the. | spine and the skull |
| apendicular is the. | shoulders, upper and lower extremities, and its connection points. |
| compact bone is. | strong dense outer layer of the bone |
| spongy bone is | inner dense portion of the bone |
| trabeculae is | network of interconnecting spaces filled with yellow and red marrow. |
| periosteum is | it covers all boney surface except the articular surface |
| endosteum is | tissue lining the medullary cavities of the bones. |
| ossification | development and formation of bones. |
| long bone portion is called | diaphysis |
| epiphyesal plates | is where growth occurs and it is common to get a fracture there. |
| how do bones grow? | outward |
| Arthology is | study of joints or articulations between bones |
| 2 types of joints | functional and structual. |
| structural joints | fibrous and cartilaginous, synovial, gliding, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle, and ball and socket. |
| fuctional joints | synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses |
| projection is. | the path of the CR as it enters the patient and exits it. |
| anteroposterior | perpendicular to CR enters the anterior body and exits posterior body. |
| axial projection | longitudinal angulation of cr;angled tube 10 degrees or more |
| tangential | CR is directed toward the outer margin of curved surface to profile a body part just under the surface and projection is free of superimposition. |
| lateral | perpendicular on either side, exits opposite side, and lateral position refers to the side that is on the IR. |
| transthoracic projection | used for shoulders |
| oblique | is enters the body at an angled position usuallyt 45 degrees |
| RPO | right posterior oblique to IR with AP projection |
| True projection | indicates body part must be placed in anatomic position |
| in profile means | outlined view of structure that had a distictive shape, and not superimposed. usally on the side. |
| Position | specific placement of the body part in relation to the table or IR |
| Upright position | erect |
| Seated position | upright position while seated |
| recumbent | laying down in any position |
| supine | laying on back |
| prone | laying on belly |
| trendelengburg | supine position with feet higher than head |
| fowler | supine with head higher than feet |
| sims | recumbent laying left anterior side with left leg extended slightly bent and right knee and thigh bent |
| lithotomy | supine knees and hips flexed and thighs are abducted and rotated laterally |
| decubitus | the tube is crossed table with CR parallel to the floor where position is closet to the IR. IP is crossed tabled |
| Lordotic position | having patient lean backward while in upright position, so that shoulders are in contact with IR. The tube is not angled but when it enters the body with will be angeled. |
| view | describes the body part seen by the IR |
| method | describes the specific projection that was developed |
| Stomach and liver and intestine are in this regions. | epigastric, and left hypocondrium. |
| the bladder is in this region | hypogastric |
| C1 is in this area | mastoid |
| C2-C3 is in this area | Gonion |
| C3-C4 are in this area | Hyoid bone |
| C5 | thyroid cartilage |
| C7,T1 | Vertebra process |
| T1 | 2 inches above juglar notch |
| T2-T3 | juglar notch |
| T4-T5 | angle of sternum |
| T7 | inferior angle of scapula |
| T9-T10 | bottom lower portion of costal margins or the ribs |
| L2-L3 | inferior costal margion....naval area |
| L4-L5 | iliac crest |
| S1-S2 | iliac supine superior |
| coccyx | pubis symphysis, and greater trochanters. |
| Sthenic | 50% colon spread even,gall bladder centered upper abdomen, stomach high upper left |
| Hyposthenic | 35% in middle between sthenic and asthenic |
| Asthenic | 10% everything is in lower region or in pelvis area. |
| Hypersthenic | 5% everyting is spread out in the body, gall bladder is high and outside area of body. |
| open/compound | bones spilts and protrudes out the body |
| compress | in vertebrae and push down |
| simple | bone is split but dont protrude out the body |
| greenstick | broken one side but still together like when you bend a stick that dosnt break |
| transverse | in a horizontal angle |
| Oblique/spiral | in a spiral angle |
| comminuted | is broken in many fragments in the body |
| impacted | wedges it self in other bone |
| posterior fat pad | lies on the posterior humerous can only see it when there is a facture to the bone and fluid pushes it out |
| anterior fat pad | is on the anterior side of humerous seen on a lateral elbow |
| supinator fat pad | anterior portion of radius/forearm can see on a later elbow |
| Scaphoid is also called a | navicular but there is also a navicular tarsal |
| lunate is also called a | semilunar |
| triquetrum is also called a | triquetral, cuneiform, or triangular |
| trapezium | greater multangular |
| trapezoid | lesser mutangular |
| capitate | Os magnum |
| hamate | unciform |
| How many bones in the apendicular skeleton? | 126 |
| the axial plane splits the body into what portions | superior and inferior |
| two examples when we would use a wedge filter | AP toracic spine and AP Hip |
| ureters are in what body cavity? | abdominal cavity |
| what is the external body land mark for lvl c2-c3 | gonion |
| what body habitis makes up 5% of the body population? | Hypersthenic |
| give and example of a long bone? | humerous,femur, phalanges |
| trochlear notch is located where? | Ulna |
| if there is an injury in the elbow what will fat pat will be visible and what type of projection? | posterior fat pad, and it will be visible in a later projection when there is a fracture to the bone leakage will push it out of the olecranon fossa. |
| What is the CR for an oblique elbow? | perpendicular to the elbow joint |
| where is the capitulum located? | lateral side on humerous |
| what joints are open in a oblique of the 5th digit? | PIP's and DIP's |
| What is the CR for a lateral hand | 2nd MCP and it is perpendicular |
| what X-ray is done for foreign bodies in the hand? | lateral in extension |
| what is in profile when in ulnar deviation? | scaphiod |
| what is superimposed in a lateral elbow? | Coronoid process is superimposed by the radial tuberosity and in the humerous the epicondyles are. |
| what is your angle and SID if your doing a stechter? | 20 degrees and 36 SID |
Created by:
antvill21
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