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Fendryk Chapter 1
Question | Answer |
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The Scientific Revolution | an era associated primarily with the 16th and 17th centuries during which new ideas and knowledge in physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and chemistry transformed medieval and ancient views of nature and laid the foundations for modern science |
Nicolas Copernicus | was a Renaissance astronomer and the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe |
William Harvey | an English physician who was the first person to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation and the properties of blood being pumped to the body by the heart |
Galileo | an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution |
Johannes Kepler | A German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer; a key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution |
Sir Frances Bacon | An English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as an Attorney General and Lard Chancellor of England |
Rene Descartes | A French philosopher and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He had been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy.' |
Sir Isaac Newton | An English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian. Newton describer universal gravitation and the three laws of motion |
The Age of Enlightenment | An elite cultural movement of intellectuals in the 18th century Europe, that sought to mobilize the power of reason in order to reform society and advance knowledge |
John Locke | Known as the father of liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of enlightenment thinkers |
Thomas Hobbes | An English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of the Western political philosophy |
Philosophies | Intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues |
Progress | The idea that the world can become increasingly better in terms of science, technology, modernization, liberty, democracy, quality of life, etc. |
Deism | The philosophy of religion is the standpoint that reason and observation of the natural world, without the need for organized religion, can determine that the universe is a creation and has a creator |
Tolerance | The practice of permitting a thing of which one disapproves, such as social, ethnic sexual or religious practices |
Jean Jacques Rousseau | A major Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th-century Romanticism. His political philosophy heavily influenced the French Revolution, as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought |
Mary Wollstonecraft | An 18th-century British writer, philosopher and advocate of women's rights. During her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book and a children's books |
The Vindication of the Rights of Women | Written by Mary Wollstonecraft, one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. In it, she responds to those educational and political theorists of 18th century who didn't believe women should have education. She argues that women ought to have an educ |
The Social Contract | Written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, is the book in which Rousseau theorized about the best way in which to set up a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society |
The General Will | Made famous by Rousseau, is a concept in political philosophy referring to the desire or interest of a people as a whole. As used by Rousseau, the "general will" is identical to the rule of law |