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Radiation Protection
Radiation Protection Ch 2 glossary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absorbtion | Transference of electromagnetic energy to the atoms |
| Absorbed Dose | The amount of energy absorbed per unit mass |
| Attenuation | The reduction in the number of primary photons in the x-ray through absorbtion and scatter as the beam passes through the patient in it's path |
| Auger Effect | When an inner electron is removed from an atom in a photoelectric interaction, causing an inner shell vacancy, the energy liberated when this vacancy is filled, instead of emerging from the atom as flourescent radiation, can be transferred to another elec |
| Characteristic Photon | The released energy that is carried off in the form of a photon |
| Characteristic X-ray | Energy that is directly related to the shell structure of the atom from which it was emitted |
| Coherent Scattering | A relatively simple process that actually results in no loss of energy as x-rays scatter |
| Compton Scattered Electrons or secondary or recoil electrons | Possesses excess kinetic energy and is capable of ionizing other atoms |
| compton Scattering | Also known as (incoherent, inelastic or modified scattering) is responsible for most of the scatted radiation produced during radiologic procedures |
| Contrast Media | Positive contrast media consist of solutions containing elements having a higher atomic number than surrounding soft tissue or that are either ingested or injected into the tissues or structures to be visualized |
| Effective Atomic Number (Zeff) | Is a composite number for many different chemical elements comprising material, with high content by weight (14.7%) of calicum(Z=20) undergoes more photoelectric absorbtion than equal mass of soft tissue and air. |
| Exit or Image-Formation Photons | Only two photons that emerge from the tissue and strike the radiographic image receptor below it. |
| Flourecsent Radiation | Those generate from photoelectric interactions within human tissue are low enough in energy that they are predominatly absorbed within the body |
| Flourecsent Yield | Refers to the number of x-rays emitted per inner shell vacancy |
| Mass Density | The density in different body structures also influences attenuation. (measured in grams per cubic centimeter) |
| Milliampere-Seconds (mAs) | The product of electron tube current and the amount of time in seconds that the x-ray tube is activated |
| Pair Production | In pair production the incoming x-ray strongly interacts with the nucleus of an atom of the irradiated biologic tissue and disappears. Production does not occur unless the energy of the incident x-ray photons is at least 1.022 MeV |
| Peak Kilovoltage (kVp) | The highest energy level of photons in the x-ray beam |
| Photodisintergration | A high energy photon collides with the nucleus of an atom, which directly absorbs all the photons energy (occurs at 10 Mev) |
| Photoelectric Absorbtion | The most important mode of interaction between photons and atoms of the patients body for producing useful patient images. an interaction between x-ray photons an inner shell electron tightly to an atom. Occurs 23 to 150 kVp |
| Photoelectron | An ejected orbital electron that possesses kinetic energy equal to the energy of the incident photon less the binding energy of the electron shell |
| Primary Radiation | The emerging x-ray photon beam |
| Radiographic Contrast | Subject contrast is the ratio of radiation intensities transmitted through different areas of the component being evaluated |
| Radiographic Density | Degree of overall blackening on a radiographic image that has been completed and vice versa |
| Radiographic Fog | Additional radiographic density |
| radiographic Image Receptor | a device that changes the x-ray beam into a visible image. An image receptor may be a radiographic film and cassette, a phosphorescent screen or a special detector placed in a table or upright bucky diaphragm (used in direct digital radiography). |
| Small- Angle Scatter | is a fundamental method for structure analysis of materials, including biological materials. Small-angle scattering allows one to study the structure of a variety of objects such as solutions of biological macromolecules, nanocomposites, alloys, synthetic |
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