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BiologicalMembranes.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the water compartments in the body, their subcompartments, and % body weight | *Water is 60% of body weight* Intracellular fluid (ICF) -40% of water weight -single compartment Extracellular fluid (ECF) -20% of water weight -Plasma (5%) -Interstitial (15%) |
| Cations, Anions, and Proteins in ICF and ECF | -electrolytes (Na,K,Cl,proteins) -glucose and urea -ICF main cation K, main anion phosphate and proteins -ECF main cation Na, main anion Cl and HCO3 -plasma has more protein |
| Functions of Biological Membranes | -normal cell composition -form important scaffolds (for attachment of enzymes) -receptor of external signals |
| Components of Biological Membranes | -lipid bilayer w/ various proteins -integral membrane proteins (directly in bilayer) -peripheral membrane proteins, inner or outer surface -carbohydrates |
| Composition of protein and lipid | -generally = -inner mitochondrian membrane=70% protein -schwann cell membranes=20% protein |
| Carbohydrates are covalently linked to membrane proteins or lipids where? | -Outter surface of plasma membrane -luminal surface of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes |
| Structure of Glycerophospholipid (phosphoglyceride) | -polar head group -phosphate -glycerol (O)CH2(O)CH(O)CH2 -Hydrophobic tail (long CH chain) |
| Properties of membrane spanning portion of an integral membrane protein | -1+ hydrophobic regions pass through bilayer -forms a helix -R groups protrude in radial manner -C=O and H-N shield from lipid bilayer |
| 4 ways peripheral membrane proteins attach to bilayer | -+ charged residues form electrostatic interactions with - charged membrane lipids -hydrophobic tail inserted into bilayer -covalently linked to phosphatidylinositol -bound to integral membrane proteins |
| Channel vs. Pore | -tunnels through bilayer allow passing of ions or molecules by diffusion -most gated and controled by ligands or voltage changes -pore=nonspecific except for size -channel=ion specific |
| Gap Junctions vs. Nicotinic-acetylcholine receptor | -gap=pores allow movement between two adjacent cells, permitting metabolic coordination -NA rec.=ligand gated Na channel binds AcCo from neuron causing conformational change |
| Defective ion channels in mayathenia gravis and cystic fibrosis | -autoimmune disease producing antibodies to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, interfere or destrow receptor at neuromuscular junction -mutations affecting Cl channel allowing accumulation of thick mucous secretions in lungs |
| Facilitated diffusion vs. passive diffusion | -facilitated diffusion requires specific transport proteins that move in direction of concentration gradient -more rapid than passive diffusion and displays saturation kinetics |
| GLUT protein family | -carries out glucose transport into RBC's -affinity for glucose is much higher than for other sugars |
| Active transport | -moves substances against concentration gradient and requires energy -energy via ATP |
| Secondary Active Transport | -requires electrochemical or ion gradients -ATP required to maintain ion gradient |
| Symport vs. Antiport | -Symport=substance moves into cell with Na -Antiport=substance moves out as Na moves in |
| Na/K ATPase and its function what is a drug that inhibits it? | -P type pump requiring phosphorylation of pump protein -E1 (high affinity for Na)<>E2 (high affinity for K) -transition triggered by phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of protein -digitalis (cardiotonic steroid) |
| a-neurotoxins | -paralize by blocking action of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor -tubocurarine, a-cobratoxin |
| Cholesterol and membrane structure | -can increase and decrease fluidity -at body temp, immobilizes fatty acul chains limiting fluidity -at reduced temp, prevents tight packing of fatty acyl tails maintaining fluidity |
| Integral membrane protein | inserted directly into bilayer along with various proteins |
| Peripheral membrane proteins | associated with inner or outter surface of membrane |
Created by:
MastamikeOD
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