English captain; lost his ear to the Spaniards in the West Indies;
1731
War of the Austrian Succession
Prussian siezure of Silesia initiated it; France got involved and pulled Britain and Spain into it as well;
1740-1748
Maria Theresa
preserved the Habsburg Empire as a major political power; won loyalty and support from subjects; granted privilages to the nobles;
(r. 1740-1780)
Diplomatic Revolution
French and Indian War lead up to this;
1756
The Seven Years' War
Initiated by Frederick II's invasion of Saxony; ended with the Treaty of Hubertusburg
(1756-1763)
Marquis Cesare Beccaria
Italian aristocrat; philosophe; "On Crimes and Punishments"
1738-1794
physiocrats
one of a school of political economists who followed Quesnay in holding that an inherent natural order properly governed society, regarding land as the basis of wealth and taxation, and advocating a laissez-faire economy.
n/a
François Quesney and Pierre Dupont de Nemours
leading spokespeople of the physiocrats
(1694-1774) and (1739-1817), respectively
Adam Smith
"Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" important economic figure; professor at Glasgow University; believed in economic liberty;
BIOL3326 Forms
