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dans summer class
diseases and disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Celiac Disease | Hereditary disorder when a certain protein found in wheat causes an allergic reaction of the intestinal lining resulting in improper absorption of fats from the diet |
| Hirchsprung's Disease | Congenital condition of the large intestine; nerves controlling contractions are missing - serious condition results in severe constipation or vomiting. |
| Developmental Dysplasia of Hip | Femoral head is separated by the acetabulum in the newborn. |
| Hydrocephalus | Enlarged ventricles in which the CSF produced in the ventricles cannot drain. |
| Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis | Bone becomes less dense and more fragile. |
| Atresias | Congenital condition that requires surgery because an opening to an organ is absent, eg. anal atresias is when the anal opening is absent at birth. |
| Spina Bifida Acculta | Mild form of Spina Bifida characterized by some defect or splitting of the posterior arch of L5-S1 with protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges. |
| Myelocele | Most severe type of spina bifida; the spinal cord protrudes through opening. |
| Meningocele | Type of spina bifida; most common and severe form, involves the protrusion of the meninges through the undeveloped opening. |
| Spina Bifida | Posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop, exposing part of the spinal cord (can be discovered before birth by ultrasound) |
| Cronh's Disease | Infection of the intestinal wall that may be in either the small or large intestine. |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Chronic disorders of inflammation of the intestines. |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Inflammatory bowel disease that involves the large intestine and usually starts in the rectum or sigmoid. |
| Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of liver indicates liver disease such as acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, or bile duct obstruction. |
| Osteomalacia | Developing bones do not harden or calcify causing skeletal deformities (Rickets). |
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | Hereditary disorder of bones that are abnormally soft and fragile; infants may be born with many fractures which can result in dwarfism and/or deformities. |
| Kohler's Bone Disease | Form of osteochondrosis; inflammation of bone and cartilage of the navicular bone of the foot. |
| Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease | Type of osteochondrosis; leads to abnormal bone growth at the hip. |
| Scheuermanns's Disease | Type of osteochondrosis; bone development changes of the vertebrae result in kyphosis (hunchback). |
| Hematuria | Blood in urine, may be caused by various things such as cancer of the kidneys or bladder, kidney stones, kidney cysts, or sickle cell disease. |
| Transitional vertebrae | Occurs when the vertebra takes on a characteristic of the adjacent region of the spine. Most often in lumbosacral region, vertebra possess enlarged transverse processes. |
| Spina Bifida | Congenital neural tube defect; development anomaly in the posterior vertebral arch. |
| Tuberculosis | Contagious disease caused by airborne bacteria, potentially fatal. |
| Pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleura surrounding the lungs. |
| Emphysema | Irreversible and chronic lung disease in which alveoli air spaces become greatly enlarged. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Most common inherited disease; secretions of heavy mucus cause progressive "clogging" of bronchi and bronchioles. |
| Bronchitis | Acute or chronic condition in which excessive mucus is secreted into the bronchi creating cough and shortness of breath. |
| Atelectasis | Partial or full collapse of a lung. |
| Asthma | Respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing. |
| Whiplash | Injury of the cervical vertebrae or supporting ligaments and muscles marked by pain and stiffness; caused by acceleration or deceleration movement of the neck. |
| Pectus Excavatum | Depressed sternum; it will embarrass the heart- surgery is required usually for cosmetic reasons. |
| Hydrocephalus | Abnormal accumulation of CSF within the cranial vault; dilation of the ventricles. |
| Herniated Disk | Rupture of the fibrocartilage surrounding an intervertebral disk, releasing the nucleus pulposus that cushions the vertebrae above and below - considerable pain, damage nerves. |
| Cervical Rib | Rib that articulates with a cervical vertebrae but does not reach the sternum, usually C7. |
| Tendonitis | Inflammation of the tendon, usually resulting from strain. |
| Subluxation | Incomplete dislocation; partial abnormal separation of the articular surfaces of a joint. |
| Osteoporosis | Abnormal loss of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue with an increased fracture risk. |
| Osgood-Schlatter | Inflammation of bone and cartilage involving the anterior proximal tibia, injury causes the patellar tendon to detach from part of the tibial tuberosity. |
| Gout | Form of arthritis that may be hereditary in which uric acid appears in excessive quantities in the blood; first attacks the first MTP joint. |
| Fracture | Breaks in the structures of bone caused by a force, either direct or indirect. |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of the bursa, connective tissue structure surrounding the joint. |
| Osteochondrosis | Primarily affects the epiphyseal or growth plates of long bones resulting in pain, deformities, and abnormal bone growth. |
| Hypospadias | Congenital condition of infant males, the opening of the urethra is to the underside of the penis. |
| Hydronephrosis | Enlarged kidney distended with urine, caused by an obstruction of urine. |
| Horseshoe Kidney | Congenital condition in which the two kidneys are joined together. |
| Pneumothorax | Accumulation of air in pleural space, causing atelectasis. |
| Pneumonia | Inflammation of lungs resulting in "accumulation" of fluid within certain sections of the lungs, creating increased radiodensities. |
| Aspiration pneumonia | Caused by aspiration of a foreign object or food into the lungs, which irritates the bronchi, resulting in edema. |
| Bronchopneumonia | Bronchitis of both lungs. |
| Lobar pneumonia | Pneumonia confined to one or two lobes. |
| Viral pneumonia | Interstitial inflammation of the alveoli and connecting tissues. |
| Pneumonoconiosis | Disease of the lung caused by chronic inhalation of dust; anthracosis, asbestosis, silicosis. |
| Pleural Effusion | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity. Empyema, fluid is pus. Hemothorax, fluid is blood. |
| COPD | Consistent obstruction of airway as caused by emphysema or chronic bronchitis. |
| Bronchiectasis | Irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles resulting from repeated pulmonary infection or obstruction. |
| Spondylolysis | Condition of the spine characterized by fixation or stiffness of a vertebral joint. |
| Spondylolisthesis | Partial forward dislocation of one vertebrae over the one below it; usually L5 over S1. |
| Osteophyte | Bony outgrowth, usually found around a joint. |
| Degenerative disk disease | Deterioration of a disk. |
| Spondylitis | Inflammation of any of the vertebrae; causes stiffness and pain. Could be caused by traumatic injury, infection, rheumatoid disease. |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | Chronic inflammatory disease, unknown origin, first affecting the spine and adjacent structures, progressing to eventual fusion of the involved joints. |
| Achondroplasia | A disorder of the growth cartilage in the epiphysis of the long bone and skull; premature ossification permanent limitation of skeletal development. |
| Osteopetrosis | Increase in bone density, probably caused by the faulty bone resorption resulting from a deficiency of osteoclasts. |
| Talipes | Deformity of foot and ankle, usually congenital; club foot. |
| Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) | Non-Neoplastic bone disease that disrupts new bone growth resulting in over production of very dense, yet soft, bone. |
| Osteomyelitis | Local or generalized infection of bone and bone marrow usually caused by bacteria introduced by surgery or trauma. |
| Osteomalacia (rickets) | Bone softening; lack of bone mineralization because of deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, and/or vitamin D. |
| Osteochondroma (exostosis) | Benign tumor composed of bone and cartilage. |
| Osteoarthritis | DJD Non-inflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic (enlargement or overgrown) bone formation. |
| Epicondylitis | Painful inflammation of the muscle and surrounding tissue of the elbow; tennis elbow, golfers elbow. |
| Acromegaly | Over secretion of growth hormones; gradual marked soft tissue enlargement and widening/thickening of skeletal bones in the face, jaw, hands, and feet. |
| Osteochondrodysplasia | Hereditary disorder in which the bones grow abnormal, most often causing dwarfism or short stature. |
| Achondroplasia | Form of short-limbed dwarfism; results in decreased bone formation in the growth plates of long bones. |
Created by:
twiford
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