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Virology Exam
OSU-CHS virology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Enveloped viruses | Herpesviridae Hepadnarividae Poxiviridae Bunyavirus Orthomyoxoviruses Arenavirus Paramyxovirus Rabdovirus Filovirus Togavirus Flavivirus Coronavirus |
| Naked viruses DNA | Parvoviridae Adenoviridae Papova viridae |
| Naked viruses RNA | Reovirus Picornavirus Calicivirus |
| Gammaherpesvirinae | Epstein-Barr Virus HHV-8 Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus dsDNA linear, icosohedral, enveloped, herpesviridae family |
| Enveloped dsDNA icosohedral virus that is linear? | Herpesviridae family Alphaherpesvirinae HSV-1 HSV-2 Varcilla Zoster Monkey B virus |
| Enveloped linear, dsDNA icosohedral virus? | Herpesvirdae family the Betaherpesvirinae: CMV HHV-6 and HHV-7 |
| Adenovirus | naked dsDNA linear, #3 common cold cause; acute or latent depending on host cell; resp,onjunctivitis, gastro, febrile pharyngitis fecal-oral, inhale, contact/ no antiviral; vaccinate military for types 4,7; |
| Adenovirus | labs = PCR for typing, intranuclear inclusions virus E1A, E1B bind host pRB, p53 respectively; tough capsid; humans = only reservoir |
| Herpes Simplexvirus | alphaherpesvirinae, envelop linear dsDNA, herpes labialis oral = cold sores; genital = mostly 2, prodromal tingling; "Hit & Run" cancer close contact/ cell-cell most people exposed to at least HSV1/ |
| Herpes Simplexvirus treatment | acyclovir, but no vaccine reside in ganglia of innervating neurons to skin; infant - HSV2; whitlow = finger infxn; asymptomatic carriers |
| Varicella | alphaherpesvirinae-envelop linear dsDNA, chickenpox # 1 out of 5 childhood rashes. Spreads as aerosol,contact/ clinical diag of rash |
| Varicella treatment, vaccine | high doses of acyclovir; VZIG-> passive immunity--incubtn = 14dd; more serious in adults who develop pneumonia; |
| Varicella-Zoster Virus | alphaherpesvirinae envelop linear dsDNA chickenpox/varicella 1/5 childhood rashes; shingles = zoster; resp virus & viremic; aerosol, contact/ see varicella & zoster high doses of acyclovir; VZIG-> passive immunity; new vaccine @ 2y/old |
| Zoster | alphaherpesvirinae envelop linear dsDNA shingles in adults aerosol,contact/ Tzank smear, IF high doses of acyclovir; severely painful rash at dermatome level, postherpetic neuralgia can develop |
| Arenavirus | arenaviridae/envelop 2 circle ssRNA (- & +/-) zoonotic (robo); LCM, lassa, junin, machupo fevers inhale, food, fomites/ BSL3 containmt supportive therapy; ribavirin -> Lassa; avoid rodents & their urine/feces persistant->induce tolerance, infect Macs |
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | betaherpesvirinae, enveloped linear dsDNA that rarely cause disease in immune competent; heterophile neg mononucleosis; congenital or perinatal (via colostrum) |
| CMV | infxn close contact/PAP,lung biopsy-> owl eye inclusn; viral load by pp65; isoltn from urine; H&E. treatment: Gancyclovir = acyclovir analog w/ possible toxicity, TK -> drug resistance; Foscarnet->inhibit DNA polymerase, for gancyclovir resistance |
| Bunyavirus | bunyaviridae (arbo)enveloped 3seg -ssRNA. Causes mild flu-like except: La Crosse, Rift valley, hantaan see diseases for specifics no Bunyavrius |
| California encephalitis virus | bunyaviridae (arbo), envelop 3seg -ssRNA, causes febrile, encephalitis, rash. |
| California encephalitus virus | Use virus neutrlzn assay (VN)& antiviral IgM see bunyavirus mosquito vector, forest rangers, campers, woodsmen |
| La Crosse virus | bunyaviridae (arbo),envelop 3seg -ssRNA, causes encephalitis, fever, lethargy, vomiting, seizures; Check by viral Ag in blood; 7d incubation then sudden onset of symptoms, usually self-resolving |
| Rift valley fever virus | bunyaviridae (arbo), envelop 3seg -ssRNA, etechial hemorrahages viral Ag in blood 50% mortality rate; endothelial cells disrupted -> bleeding |
| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus 65 bunyaviridae (arbo) | |
| Nairovirus 60 bunyaviridae (arbo) | |
| Phlebovirus 60 bunyaviridae (arbo) | |
| Uukuvirus 60 bunyaviridae (arbo) No human disease | |
| Hantaan virus 65 bunyaviridae (robo) envelop 3seg -ssRNA pulmonary syndrome | Sin Nombre infects & persists in lungs contact w/ rodents, urine/ viral Ag in blood, IgM see bunyavirus; rodent control and wear mask cleaning; resp support leakage of blood thru vasculature of lungs -> pulmonary edema-> failure->death |
| Calicivirus | caliciviridae, linear, +ssRNA/naked, see Norwalk-like virus |
| Norwalk-like Virus | aka norovirus caliciviridae linear +ssRNA/naked viral-causes gastroenteritis (vomiting & diarrhea); fecal oral/ Ab in feces (IEM); serology & rtPCR no vaccines or antivirals; treat symptoms; |
| Hepatitis E | enteric Non A, NonB hepatitis 89 Calicivirus (NWL) linear +ssRNA/naked enteric (like all hep, infect liver -> jaundice & disrupt AST & ALT) fecal-oral, water/ variable IgG like HAV except slower onset w/ higher mortality rates especially pregnant women |
| Coronavirus | coronaviridae +ssRNA/enveloped #2 cause of common cold, SARS, some URT & gastroenteritis serology for acute vs convalescent, isolation difficult,no vaccines or antivirals for humans;developing SARS vaccine |
| SARS | coronaviridae +ssRNA/enveloped severe respiratory illness w/ nonproductive cough & dyspnea large aerosol drops/ EIA, RTPCR Ribavarin, steroids etc; QUARANTINE travel to endemic area, temp > 100.5, Atypical resp infxn |
| Filovirus | Filoviridae envelop -ssRNA Ebola, Marburg other Hemorrhagic fevers infect wide range of tissues/ LM, rtPCR, IgM,G no antiviral or vaccine/ QUARANTINE cytolytic viruses causing extensive tissue necrosis; inclusion bodies seen in LM |
| Hepatitis G | Flaviviridae envelop+ssRNA NonA, NonB hepatitis differentiate from HCV w/ revtrans PCR; Elisa or RIA transmitted in blood (no capsid) chronic disease similar to HCV |
| Coronavirus | helical nucleocapsid w/ glycoproteins for Largest RNA virus; civet cats host; grows best @low temp;most adults are seropositive |
| Yellow fever | Flaviviridae (arbo) envelop +ssRNA jaundice &/or black blood (gastro hemorrhages attenuated vaccine, may be protective against other flavis no capsid; vaccine given to military & travelers |
| West Nile encephalitis | Flaviviridae (arbo) envelop+ssRNA no human vaccines; may be developed no capsid |
| West Nile Virus | Flaviviridae (arbo) envelop+ssRNA mild, nonspecific unless encephalitis IgM Elisa for CSF& serum self-limiting unless compromised mostly self-limiting, immunocompromised (age) risk factor, one serotype in NA |
| Flavivirus | Flaviviridae (no capsid) envelop +ssRNA mostly mild except yellow fever, St Louis, west nile, HepC, HepG; SEE pg61 Chart for all diseases (toga&flavi) usually bite/ feces; rev trans PCR; sero: Elisa & hemagglut no antiviral, some vaccines; supportive care |
| Norwalk like virus diagnosis and outlook | good hygiene and food cleaning self-limiting; 1-3d incub; capsid structure allows differentiation on EM |
| Hepatitis C | Flaviviridae (no capsid) envelop+ssRNA 15% acute, 85% chronic; NonA, NonB hepatitis; infxn predisposes to 1 hepatocellular carcinoma infected blood, secretions etc/ |
| Hepatitis C | Elisa; viral load from PCR No vaccine; IFNa w/ Ribavarin persistent infxn-> PHC; coats itself in LDL or attaches to CD81 surface receptor |
| Hepatitis B (serum hepatitis) | Hepadnaviridae; envelop DNA, durable; Causes acute (HBcAg) or chronic(HBs, HBeAg); chronic -> cirrhosis or w/ HDV -> fuminate or 80% of 1 hepatocellular carcinoma parenteral, sexual |
| Hepatitis B treatment | INFa for chronic infxn; Entecavir; Telbivudine, vaccine for high risk, hepatitis from CMI & inflam, not cytopathic; acute: long incubtn, gradual onset; window |
| Alphaherpesvirinae | herpesviridae; envelop linear dsDNA; Causes HSV 1&2, VZV; from close contact; incubation fast growing, latent in neuronal tissue, wide host & cell range |
| Betaherpesvirinae | herpesviridae; envelop linear dsDNA; causes CMV, HHV 6 & 7; slow growing, latency in cells of immune system, slightly restricted host range |
| Gammaherpesvirinae | herpesviridae ; envelop linear dsDNA; EBV |
| Herpesvirus | herpesviridae; envelop linear dsDNA; HHV 1-8; subfamilies: alpha, beta, gammavirinae; tegument b/t capsid & envelope; capable of acute, latent, persistent infxn |
| Monkey B Virus | Herpesviridae, alphaherpesvirinae; envelop linear dsDNA; simian version of HSV |
| Human Herpesvirus 8 (KSV - Kaposi's sarcoma herpes) | Herpesviridae, gammaherpesvirinae envelop linear dsDNA ; Kaposi's- Bcell lymphoma; also causes Castleman's disease; Kaposi's occurs in AIDS pts; Castleman's |
| Hepatitis D (delta agent) | not placed in a family; enveloped circular ssRN; NonA, NonB hepatitis; ->fulminate & massive necrosis-delta Ag; envelop has HBsAg no vaccine, no antiviral/ try to prevent HBV defective virus requiring HBV (chronic HBV then HDV -> superinfected) |
| Influenza A | orthomyxoviridae; segmented (-)ssRNA; #1 viral killer in US; flu-like symptoms; see ortho; Zan-Relenza; Oseltamavir -Tamiflu (not prophylactic); antigenic drift & shift & reassortment causes new strains; resp diseases & encephalitis from aspirin |
| Influenza B | orthomyxoviridae; segmented (-)ssRNA; see influ A ; primarily Human virus cause of 1 out of 4 hospitalizations as influA |
| Influenza C | orthomyxoviridae; it is a segmented (-)ssRNA; no disease but 95% adults have Abs |
| Orthomyxovirus | orthomyxoviridae; is a segmented (-)ssRNA; causes Influenza A,B,C (determine by HA, NA, M1&2 |
| Measles diagnosis, treatment, and host | Prevent with MMWR (live)/ clinical diag + MAB; passive immun -> compromised; no antivirals. humans are the host; |
| Orthomyxovirus information; enveloped, sphere or tube; complications | pneumonia & Reye's; M |
| bird flu | is an orthomyxoviridae H5N1; segmented (-)ssRNA; type of Influenza A bird -> human oseltamivir (Tamiflu) restricted human-human transmission |
| BK virus | Papovaviridae; it is circular, dsDNA; kidney & urinary tract infections ubiquitous; no treatment; only get disease in immunocompromised |
| JC Virus | Papovaviridae; is a circular, dsDNA; PML; ubiquitous; no treatment; only get disease in immunocompromised |
| Papillomavirus | papoviridae naked circular dsDNA; HPVs causes warts, cervical carcinoma - depends on type; usually benign, selflimiting; direct contact; diagnose by PAP smear, PCR, |
| Papillomavirus | vaccine developed; LN2 warts, laryngeal surgery, IFN injxn; nonpermissive cells -> oncogenesis (16,18) |
| Polyomavirus | papoviridae naked circular dsDNA ; BK, PML (progressive focal leukoencephalopathy), SV40; not pathogenic in immune competent; enter via RT/ postmortem foci of demye; urine; PCR, Elisa, IF,DNA |
| Polyomavirus | no antivirals, vaccine/ serious in immunosuppressed; most adults have it, but asymptomatic; BK: reactvtn of latent in kidney->severe UTI; JC/PML: reactvtn of latent-> viremia & CNS demyelintn; SV studied for vaccine |
| Mumps virus | paramyxoviridae –pleomorphic; -ssRNA/enveloped; acute, benign parotits aerosols/ giant cells from fusion; live MMR; no antivrial/ isolate from saliva, urine, CSF; sero |
| Paramyxovirus | paramyxoviridae –pleomorphic;-ssRNA/enveloped; see measles, mumps, parainflu, RSV; spreads by aerosols/ look for giant cells from fusion; Hendra - Australian animals; Nipah - Malaysia & Singapore fruit bats |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | paramyxoviridae – pleomorphic;-ssRNA/enveloped fatal acute RT infxn in children; no hemagglutintn of RBCs; aerosol/ IF & Elisa; sero; vrial Ag; isolate; Ribavarin via nebulizer; passive immun for compromised-LRT infxn; zoonotic disease also |
| Measles /morbillivirus/ rubeola | paramyxoviridae –pleomorphic; -ssRNA/eveloped measles -> pneumonia, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, CCC&P; atypical if killed vaccine; aerosols/ giant cells from fusion; |
| Measles/morbillivirus/rubeola causes | maculopapular rash & Kopliks spots; replicate in RT but spreads thru blood -> disease; can spread cell-cell, avoids Abs |
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vpack87
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