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Radiobiology 35
Radiobiology chpt 35
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sequence of events that follow high level radiation exposure leading to death within days or weeks | acute radiation syndrome |
| diagnostic xrays result in | partial body exposure |
| Acute clinical symptoms that occur within hours of exposure and continue up to a day or two. Imediate response of radiation sickness | prodromal period |
| period that follows prodromal period and is free of visible effects | latent |
| How long can latent period last | from hours or less (5000 rad) to weeks |
| reduction in white cells of the peripheral blood | leukopenia |
| What syndrome is characterized by reduction in white and red blood cells and platlets | hematologic sydrome |
| Which syndrome causes death because of severe damage to the cells lining the intestines | Gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome |
| Which syndrome causes death because of elevated fluid content of the brain | Central nervous system (CNS) syndrome |
| LD 50/60 | whole body radiation dose that causes 50% of subjects to die within 60 days |
| Acute radiation lethality follows what dose response relationship | non linear threshold |
| as whole body radiation dose increases, average time between exposure and death decreases | mean survival time |
| ld 50/60 dose for human | 350 |
| ld 50/60 dose for dog | 275 |
| ld 50/60 dose for cockroach | 10000 |
| shrinkage of organ or tissue due to cell death | atrophy |
| name 3 examples of tissue that can be affected immediately after exposure | gonads, skin, bone marrow |
| All early radiation responses follow what type of dose response relationship | threshold |
| outer layer of the skin | epidermis |
| middle layer of skin | dermis |
| inner layer of skin | subcutaneous |
| what layer of skin contains basal cells | epidermis |
| stem cells that mature as they migrate to the surface of the epidermis | basal cell |
| sunburn like reddening of the skin | erthema |
| ulceration an denudation of the skin | desquamation |
| clinical tolerance | moist desquamation |
| loss of hair | epilation |
| what type of xrays were used to treat skin diseases | grenz rays |
| What is tinea capitis | ringworm |
| What do ovaries produce and what does it mature into | oogonia,ovum |
| What do testes produce and what does it mature into | spermatogonia, sperm |
| What is the most radiosensitive cell during female germ cell development | oocyte in the mature follicle |
| at what age do the ovaries reach minimum radiosensitivity | 20 to 30 years |
| What does the hemopoietic system consist of | bone marrow, circulating blood and lymphoid tissues |
| All cells of the hemopoietic develop from a single type of stem cell called | pluripotential stem cell |
| where are most circulating blood cells manufactured | bone marrow |
| What are the cell types produce from a single pluripotential stem cell | lymphocytes, granulocytes, thrombocytes,erythrocytes |
| what cells are involved in immune response | lymphocytes |
| what cells are scavenger type of cells used to fight bacteria | granulocytes |
| what cells are involved in clotting of blood to prevent hemorrhage also referred to as platlets | thrombocytes |
| red blood cells that are the transportation agents for oxygen | erythrocytes |
| after exposure what are the first cells to become effected | lymphocytes |
| what is it called when these cells are reduced in number | lymphopenia |
| what are the two most radiosensitive cells in the body | lymphocytes and spermatogonia |
| what is the depletion of platlets called | thrombocytopenia |
| what are the least sensitive blood cells | erythrocytes |
| what is the study of the genetics of cells , particularly cell chromosomes | cytogenetics |
| what type of dose response relationship does radiation induced chromosome aberrations follow | nonthreshold |
| where does the x chromosome originate | female |
| where does the y chromosome originate | male |
| what is the breakage of a chromatid called | chromatid deletion |
| when is chromosome abberation visualized | metaphase |
| what is produced when adjacent chromosomes each suffer one hit and combine | dicentrics |
| single hit abberation are produce with what dose response relationship | linear nonthreshold |
| multiple hit abberation are produced with what dose response relatonship | nonlinear, nonthreshold |
| what are symptoms of prodromal period | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and leukopenia |
| what is the dose,prodomal, and latent period for hematologic syndrome | 200 to 1000 rad, mild, up to 4 weeks |
| What happens if dose is not lethal and if dose is lethal in hematologic syndrome | recovery begins in 2 weeks and can take up to 6 months, hemorrhage and dehydration occur |
| what is the dose, prodomal and latent period for gastrointestinal syndromeand when does death occur | 1000 to 5000 rad, occurs within hours and last up to a day, 3-5 days, 4 to 10 days |
| what are the symptoms of central nervous system syndrome | nervous, confussion, burning of skin, loss of vision or consciensness |
| what is the dose, prodomal, and latent period period for cns syndrome and how quickly does death occur | excess of 5000 rad, within minutes, up to 12 hours, within a few days |
| what is desquamation | breakdown of tissue |
| what dose causes skin erythema | 500 rad |
| what dose causes epilation | 700 rads |
| how much of a dose can cause gonadal dysfuntion | 10 or more rad minamal, 200 rad temporary infertility, 500 rad sterility |
| what dose can cause genetic mutations in ovaries and testes | 25 to 50 ovaries and 10 rad in testes |
| What are the parts of lymphoid tissue | lymph nodes, spleen, thymus |
| list the cells from most radiosensitive to least sensitive and the recovery times for each | lymphocytes (very slow), granulocytes (2 months), thrombocytes (2 months) and erythrocytes (6 months to a year) |
| forms of chromosome damage | chromatid deletion, dicentric chromosome aberration, reciprocal translocations, and chromosome hit |
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subee61
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