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CH 3 Chest
anatomy and positioning for cxr
Question | Answer |
---|---|
3 sections of the chest | bony thorax, respiratory system proper, mediastinum |
Bony thorax consists of? | sternum, 2 clavicles, 2 scapulae, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae |
4 divisions of the respiratory system? | larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
Primary muscle of inspiration? | Diaphragm L & R hemidiaphragm |
Pharynx? | passageway for both food and fluid, as well as air, common to digestive and respiratory system, 3 divisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
Epilgottis? | during swallowing flips down & covers laryngeal opening, prevents food & fluid from entering the larynx and bronchi, composed of cartilage |
Esophagus? | connects pharynx to stomach, posterior to larynx and trachea |
Larynx? | voice box, suspended from hyoid bone, between C3 and C6, anterior wall made of throid cartilage, cricoid cartilage forms inferior and posterior wall |
Trachea? | windpipe, 20 C shaped rings keep it open, extends from C6 to T4/T5 |
Thyroid gland? | helps regulate body growth, stores hormones that aid in metabolism, very radiosensitive |
Thymus gland? | T cells, very prominent in infants decreases in size until adulthood, functions in producing antibodies |
Rt & Lt Bronch? | Rt is wide, short, and vertical, divides into 3 secondary bronchi, Lt is narrow and horizontal, divides into 2 secondary bronchi, point of carina divides the trachea into rt & lt @ T5 |
Bronchioles? | Rt & Lt secondary bronchi that continue to subdivide eventually into terminal bronchioles and alveoli |
Alveoli? | O2 & CO2 exchanged through thin walls, 500 to 700 million in the lungs |
Rt. Lung? | 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior) seperated by 2 deep fissures (horizontal and oblique) |
Lt. Lung? | 2 lobes (superior, inferior) seperated by 1 deep oblique fissure |
Lungs? | made of parenchyma (light spongy elastic substance), contained in double walled sac called pleura, outer layer is parietal, inner layer is pulmonary/visceral layer |
Pneumothorax | air or gas present in the pleural cavity |
Hemothorax | blood or fluid in pleural cavity |
Anatomy included on PA chest? | Apices ---> costophrenic angles bases, diaphragms, carina, hilum, heart, trachea. ribs, clavicles |
Mediastinum? | thymus, heart and great vessels, trachea, esophagus |
Heart & Great Vessels? | inferior/superior venae cava, aorta, pulmonary arterires and veins |
Superior Venae Cava? | returns blood to the heart from upper body |
Inferior Venae Cava? | returns blood to the heart from lower body |
Pulmonary artery? | carries deoxygenated blood |
Pulmonary vein? | carries oxygenated blood |
Hypersthenic? | 5% broad, barrel chested |
Sthenic? | 50% "normal" |
Hyposthenic? | 35% slightly smaller than "normal" but bigger than asthenic |
Asthenic? | 10% skinny |