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Food Nutrition

QuestionAnswer
What is dextrinization? The browning of starch molecules through dry heat
Name the water soluble vitamins Vitamins B and C
What are the five main nutrient groups? Protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins and minerals
What is the function of proteins? Growth, repair and maintenance
What are the functions of vitamins? General good health, energy release, cell function and repair
What are the functions of minerals? General good health, energy release, body fluid control
Why does the body need water? Hydration, transports nutrients in the blood, regulates body temperature
Why does the body need dietary fibre? Healthy bowels
Why does the body need fat? Energy, warmth, protection of organs, carrier of fat soluble vitamins
What are the trace elements? Iodine, zinc, fluoride, selenium
Why is iodine needed in the body? Hormone production in the thyroid gland
Why is zinc needed in the body? Protection against infection and helping the body to heal
Why is fluoride needed in the body? Reduce the risk of tooth decay
Why is selenium needed in the body? Hormone production in the thyroid gland and to promote a healthy immune system
Where can iodine be found? Sea fish and shellfish
Where can zinc be found? Meat, dairy, shellfish and cereal products
Where can fluoride be found? Tea and fish
Where can selenium be found? Meat, fish, cereal and nuts
What are the three groups of carbohydrates? Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
What is starch? Starch is a polysaccharide. It is a complex carbohydrate.
Where is starch found? Plants – e.g. wheat, corn, barley, rye, potato, oats, rice, cassava, pulses
What is the type of sugar added into food? Refined sugars
What are intrinsic sugars? Intrinsic sugars are sugars which are found naturally in things such as fruit
What are extrinsic sugars? Extrinsic sugars are sugars that have been added to food. The main one being sucrose
Why do we need insoluble fibre? For speedy removal of waste products from the body
Why do we need soluble fibre? To improve digestive health and to help prevent diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, weight gain and some cancers
Where can we find insoluble fibre? Wholemeal bread, bran, whole grain cereals, nuts, fruits and vegetables and most seeds
Where can we find soluble fibre? Oats, barley and rye, fruit such as bananas and apples, root vegetables such as carrots
Why do we need protein? Body growth, repair and maintenance Enzyme and hormone production
Where can we find low biological value protein? seeds and nuts, beans and legumes, such as lentils and chickpeas grains, such as wheat, oats, buckwheat and millet
Where can we find low biological value protein? lean meat, poultry and fish, eggs, dairy products such as milk, yoghurt and cheese
What is plasticity? The ability for a solid fat to soften over a range of temperatures. Spreads will need a low plasticity
What is enzymic browning? When enzymes in food react with oxygen in the air to cause fruit and vegetables to turn brown
What is protein denaturation? The chemical bonds have been broken and the protein molecule has unfolded and changed shape. Caused by heat, acids and mechanical agitation.
What is caramelisation? The colour of sugar changes from white to brown when heated
What is Resveratrol? Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, capable of preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative ones. However, it is usually unstable, easily oxidizable and sensitive to heat and light.
What is lecithin and where is it naturally found? Natural emulsifier which stabilises the mix between two liquids that mix together, this makes it smooth and not separate. It is naturally found in eggs.
What is emulsification? The process of mixing together two liquids smoothly and so that they do not separate e.g. oil and vinegar in a salad dressing
What is protein coagulation? Where proteins change with heat and become more solid, e.g. egg sets in a quiche
What are trans fats? If you pass hydrogen through oil (called hydrogenation) it becomes solid; when you do this you make trans fats.
Are vitamins a micronutrient or a macronutrient? Micronutrient
What are antioxidants and free radicals? Fruits and vegetables contain useful chemicals called antioxidants. These will protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
How can we include antioxidants in our diet? We need antioxidants for good health. To get the best chance of having antioxidants we should include a range of colourful fruits and vegetables in our diet.
Are minerals a macronutrient or a micronutrient? Micronutrient
What are the three main minerals? Calcium, iron and sodium.
How many glasses of water should we drink a day? 6-8 glasses a day
What does EAR stand for? Estimated Average Requirements are estimates of average needs for energy and other nutrients
What are traffic light labels? Traffic light labels are used on the front of the pack for fat, saturates, sugar and salt, with strict regulations on what is labelled as high, medium or low.
What is peak bone mass and when is it achieved? Peak bone mass is when the bones reach full density at the age of about 30 to 35.
When is bone mass reduced? Bone mass is reduced during pregnancy
Why do we cook food? To make it safe to eat, to soften it, to make it easier to digest, to improve the flavour.
Why does food become unsafe to eat? Food spoils and deteriorates due to the action of warmth, moisture, oxygen, microscopic bacteria, yeasts and moulds. With time, eventually, food becomes unsafe to eat.
What is the "use-by" date for on foods? The ‘use-by’ date is the only date that refers to the safety of the food
What is the "best-before" and "display until" dates for on food? ‘Best before’ and ‘display until’ dates are for the supermarket stock control; it has nothing to do with how safe the food is for the consumer to eat.
Created by: amix_x
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