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Pathology
Conditions and Fractures names
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aspiration/foreign body | inspiration of a foreign material into the airway |
| Atelectasis | collapse of all or part of the lung |
| Brochiectasis | chronic dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles associated with a secondary infection |
| Bronchitis | Inflammation of the brochi |
| COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) | Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Disorder associated with widespread dysfunction of the exocrine glands, abnormal secretion of sweat and saliva, and accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs |
| Emphysema | destructive and obstructive airway changes leading to an increased volume of air in the lungs |
| Epiglottitis | inflammation of the epiglottis |
| Fungal disease | inflammation of the lung caused by a fungal organism |
| Histoplasmosis | infection caused by the yeast-like organism histoplasma capsulatum |
| Granulomatous disease | condition of the lung marked by formation of granulomas |
| Sarcoidosis | condition of unknown origin often associated with pulmonary fibrosis |
| Tuberculosis | chronic infection of the lung caused by the tubercle bacillus |
| Hyaline membrane disease, or respiratory distress syndrome | under-aeration of the lungs caused by lack of surfactant |
| metastasis | transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another |
| pleural effusion | collection of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| pneumoconiosis | lung diseases resulting from inhalation of industrial substances |
| Anthracosis or coal miner lung or black lung | inflammation caused by inhalation of coal dust (anthracite) |
| Asbestosis | inflammation caused by inhalation of asbestos |
| Silicosis | inflammation caused by inhalation of silicon dioxide |
| Pneumonia | acute infection in the lung parenchyma |
| aspiration | pneumonia caused by aspiration of foreign particles |
| interstitial or viral or pneumonitis | pneumonia caused by a virus and involving the alveolar walls and interstitial structures |
| Lobar or bacterial | pneumonia involving the alveoli of an entire lobe without involving the bronchi |
| Pneumothorax | accumulation of air in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung |
| Pulmonary edema | replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli |
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | localized dilation of abdominal aorta |
| Ascites | fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity |
| Bowel obstruction | blockage of bowel lumen |
| Ileus | failure of bowel peristalsis |
| Pneumonperitoneum | Presence of air in the peritoneal cavity |
| Bone cyst | fluid-filled cyst with wall of fibrous tissue |
| Bursitis | inflammation of bursa |
| Dislocation | displacement of bone from joint space |
| Fracture | Disruption in continuity of bone |
| Bennett Fracture | Fracture at base of first metacarpal |
| Boxer fracture | fracture of metacarpal neck |
| Colles fracture | fracture of distal radius with posterior (dorsal) displacement |
| Smith fracture | fracture of distal radius with anterior (palmar) displacement |
| Torus or buckle fracture | impacted fracture with bulging of periosteum |
| Gout | hereditary form of arthritis in which uric acid is deposited in joints |
| joint effusion | accumulation of fluid in joint associated with underlying condition |
| Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease | form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone owing to pyogenic infection |
| osteopetrosis | increased density of atypically soft bone |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone density |
| rheumatoid arthritis | chronic, systemic, inflammatory collagen disease |
| Ewing sarcoma | malignant tumor of bone arising in medullary tissue |
| Hill-Sachs defect | impacted fracture of posterolateral aspect of the humeral head with dislocation |
| Pott fracture | avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus with loss of the ankle mortise |
| Jones fracture | avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal |
| Osgood-Schlatter disease | incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity |
| Paget disease | Chronic metabolic disease of bone marked by weakened, deformed, and thickened bone that fractures easily |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | rheumatoid arthritis variant involving the SI joints and spine |
| Congenital hip dysplasia | malformation of the acetabulum causing displacement of the femoral head |
| Legg-Calve-Perthes disease | flattening of the femoral head due to vascular interruption |
| Slipped epiphysis | proximal potion of femur dislocated from distal portion at the proximal epiphysis |
| multiple myeloma | malignant neoplasm of plasma cells involving the bone marrow and causing destruction of the bone |
| Clay shoveler's fracture | avulsion fracture of the spinous process in the lower cervical and upper thoracic region |
| Compression | fracture that causes compaction of bone and a decrease in length or width |
| Hangman's fracture | Fracture of the anterior arch of C2 owing to hyperextension |
| Jefferson fracture | comminuted fracture of the ring of C1 |
| Herniated nucleus pulposus | rupture or prolapse of the nucleus pulposus into the spinal canal |
| Kyphosis | abnormally increased anterior concavity (posterior convexity) in the thoracic curvature |
| Lordosis | abnormally increased anterior convexity (posterior concavity) of the cervical and lumbar spine |
| Scheuermann disease or adolescent kyphosis | Kyphosis with onset in adolesence |
| Scoliosis | lateral deviation of the spine with possible vertebral rotation |
| spina bifida | failure of the posterior encasement of the spinal cord to close |
| spondylolisthesis | forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower vertebra, usually L5-S1 |
| sbluxation | incomplete or partial dislocation |
| Basal fracture | fracture located at the base of the skull |
| Blowout | fracture of the floor of the orbit |
| Contrecoup fracture | fracture to one side of a structure caused by trauma to the other side |
| depressed fracture | fracture causing a portion of the skull to be pushed into the cranial cavity |
| Le Fort Fracture | Bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxillae |
| Linear fracture | irregular or jagged fracture of the skull |
| Tripod fracture | fracture of the zygomatic arch and orbital floor or rim and dislocation of the frontozygomatic suture |
| Mastoiditis | inflammation of the mastoid antrum and air cells |
| Polyp | growth or mass protruding from a mucous membrane |
| Sinusitis | Inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses |
| TMJ Syndrome | dysfunction of temporomandibular joint |
| Acoustic neuroma | benign tumor arising from schwann cells of eighth cranial nerve (also termed "schwannoma") |
| Pituitary adenoma | tumor arising from the pituitary gland, usually in the anterior lobe |
| Achalasia | failure of smooth muscle of alimentary canal to relax |
| Barrett esophagus | peptic ulcer of lower esophagus, often with stricture |
| Bezoar | mass in the stomach formed by material that does not pass into the intestine |
| Biliary stenosis | narrowing of bile ducts |
| Calculus | abnormal concretion of mineral salts, often called a stone |
| Celiac disease | malabsorption disease caused by mucosal defect in the jejunum |
| cholecystitis | acute or chronic inflammation of gallbladder |
| choledocholithiasis | calculus in common bile duct |
| Colelithiasis | presence of gallstones |
| Colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of diverticula in the alimentary canal |
| Diverticulosis | diverticula in the colon without inflammation or symptoms |
| Diverticulum | pouch created by herniation of the mucous membrane through the muscular coat |
| Fistula | abnormal connection between two internal organs or between an organ and the body surface |
| hiatal hernia | protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm |
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