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Chapter 16: Trans
The Translatic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Treaty Utrecht | -1713 -established boundaries of empire during 1st half of the 18th century |
| Periods of European Overseas Empires | 1.European discovery, exploration, initial conquest, and settlement of the New World 2.Mercantile empires (slavery big part in 1st 2 stages) 3.Overseas trade 4.Decolonization |
| Mercantilism | -economic theory behind system of acquiring colonies -entailed gov'ts heavily regulating trade and commerce in hope of increasing national wealth -economic well-being of home country primary concern |
| West Indies and Indian subcontinent | -sources of rivalry among European powers -they had resources that appealed to many of European powers |
| flota | -commercial vessels in Spain -used to control supplies and bullion that went to and from its colonies -trade outside was forbidden |
| Charles III of Spain | -abolished some of the Spanish monopolies -opened more South American ports to trade and commerce -attempted to increase tax collections and end corruption -introduced the intendant |
| indendent | holder of a public administrative office |
| peninsulares | Persons born in Spain who settles in the Spanish colonies |
| creoles | Persons of Spanish decent born in the Spanish colonies |
| Slave labor | -fundamental aspect of empire building -exploded in Brazil and the Caribbean b/c thanks to cultivation of sugar on plantations |
| The War of Jenkin's Ear (1739) | -Spain and England disagreed over rights to Spanish markets -Spaniards cut off ear of English captain Robert Jenkins -began when Robert Walpole responded to pressure to stop Spanish intervention in trade |
| The War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) | -Frederick II(Prussia) seized Silesia (Austrian province) -Cardinal Fleury(minster to Louis XV) suppported Prussian aggression against Austria -threatened Britain (wanted the land to belong to Austria) -France supported Spain vs. Brit. in the Americas |
| The Treaty Utrecht | -1713 -established boundaries of empire during 1st half of the 18th century |
| Periods of European Overseas Empires | 1.European discovery, exploration, initial conquest, and settlement of the New World 2.Mercantile empires (slavery big part in 1st 2 stages) 3.Overseas trade 4.Decolonization |
| Mercantilism | -economic theory behind system of acquiring colonies -entailed gov'ts heavily regulating trade and commerce in hope of increasing national wealth -economic well-being of home country primary concern |
| West Indies and Indian subcontinent | -sources of rivalry among European powers -they had resources that appealed to many of European powers |
| flota | -commercial vessels in Spain -used to control supplies and bullion that went to and from its colonies -trade outside was forbidden |
| Charles III of Spain | -abolished some of the Spanish monopolies -opened more South American ports to trade and commerce -attempted to increase tax collections and end corruption -introduced the intendant |
| indendent | holder of a public administrative office |
| peninsulares | Persons born in Spain who settles in the Spanish colonies |
| creoles | Persons of Spanish decent born in the Spanish colonies |
| Slave labor | -fundamental aspect of empire building -exploded in Brazil and the Caribbean b/c thanks to cultivation of sugar on plantations |
| The War of Jenkin's Ear (1739) | -Spain and England disagreed over rights to Spanish markets -Spaniards cut off ear of English captain Robert Jenkins -began when Robert Walpole responded to pressure to stop Spanish intervention in trade |
| The War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) | -Frederick II(Prussia) seized Silesia (Austrian province) -Cardinal Fleury(minster to Louis XV) suppported Prussian aggression against Austria -threatened Britain (wanted the land to belong to Austria) -France supported Spain vs. Brit. in the Americas |
| The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 | -series of alliances that set the stage for larger European conflict |
| Convention of Westminster | -an alliance between Prussia and Britain -aimed at preventing the entry of foreign troops into Germany |
| The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) | -began w/ Frederick II's invasion of Saxony -France, Austria, Sweden, Russia, and smaller German states agreed to destroy Prussia -Prussia+Russia made peace -Fredrick II held off Austria+France -quest to pay war debt had consequences in British coloni |
| Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle | -ended the war of of Austrian Succession in a stalemate |
| William Pitt | -used continental wars to leverage England's position in America -used unprecedented number of soldiers in the American colonies, India, and Canada to dominate against the French in every aspect of battle and to gain English possessions |
| The Treaty of Paris of 1763 | -Britain received all of Canada, the Ohio River, and the eastern half of the Mississippi River Valley -Britain returned Pondicherry and Chandernagore(India) and the West Indian islands of Gaudeloupe and Martinique to the French -G.B. emerged a world pow |
| 1764 Sugar Act | -attempted to produce more revenue from imports into the colonies by the rigorous collection of what was actually a lower tax |
| Stamp Act of 1765 | -put a tax on legal documents such as newspapers |
| Intolerable Acts | -measures passed by the British Parliament in 1774 to punish the colony of Massachusetts and strengthen Britain's authority in the colonies -laws provoked colonial opposition, which led immediately to the American Revolution |
| Boston Massacre | -March 1770 -British troops killed five citizens |
| Thomas Paine | -wrote "Common Sense" a pamphlet that galvanized public opinion in favor of separation from Great Britain |
| Boston Tea Party | -1773 -Americans threw tea overboard |
| Continental Congress | -opened American ports to trade with all nations -hoped to persuade Parliament to restore self-governing in the colonies |
| Declaration of American Independence | -July 4, 1776 -declared American independence |
| 1783 Treaty of Paris | -concluded American Revolution |
| The American Revolution | -war between American colonies and Britain -broad impacts of Continental views of government -established idea of a government based on popular consent rather than on divine law or monarchy |
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katsteve
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