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BIOCHEM Lesson 2
History of Cell Discovery
Question | Answer |
---|---|
- First to see cells. - Designed a microscope that he was able to view cork cells with - Named “cells” because they look like monk quarters. | Robert Hooke (1665) |
- First to see living cells. - able to view red blood cells and bacteria - He called them “animalcules”. | Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1676) |
discovered the nucleus of the cell | Robert Brown (1831) |
- concluded that all animals are made of cells - All living organisms are made of cells. | Rudolf Virchow |
- concluded that all plants are made of cells | Matthias Schleiden (1838) |
- He stated that “every cell originates from another cell”. - Can relate cells to mitosis and meiosis (cell division) | Theodor Schwann (1839) |
“Cell is the basic unit of life” | Rudolf Virchow |
Three Concepts of Cell Theory | 1. All living things are made of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells |
the smallest unit that can carry on the processes of life | cell |
consists of only one cell | Unicellular / Prokaryotes |
consists of more than one cell | Multicellular / Eukaryotes |
- lacks internal structures surrounded by membranes - Has a cell membrane and a cell wall but has no nucleus | Prokaryotes |
- contains internal membrane bound structures. - Has a nucleus and a cell membrane - Usually multicellular organisms | Eukaryotic |
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended | Cytoplasm |
the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell | Cell membrane |
- contains the genetic information (DNA) - produces the ribosomes - control center of the cell | Nucleus |
produces cellular energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration | Mitochondria |
site of protein synthesis which links amino acids together to form proteins | Ribosomes |
Works on proteins; Helps complete the proteins; Makes membranes; transport system within the cell | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Ribosomes attached works on proteins | Rough ER |
ER that has no ribosomes; makes membranes - contains enzymes that function in lipid synthesis | Smooth ER |
collects , packages, and modified cell materials to be used in other parts of the cell or transported out of the cell | Golgi Apparatus |
An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest food to make energy | Lysosomes |
storage of water in plant cells | Vacuole |
used during cell division to move and separate chromosome | Centrioles |
small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell | Vesicles |
sugar + oxygen | ATP |
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy; energy + sugar from sunlight | Chloroplast |
A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane in a plant cell and provides support to the cell | cell wall |
These are made up of a few lenses for magnification, each lens with its own magnification powers and focusing strength | Microscopes |