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Exposure Factors
Terms and basic Info
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Interaction b/een high speed electrons and the target as they convert kinetic energy to atoms of the target material which produces the photons called? | Target interactions |
| Production of high speed electrons from cathode striking the Anode target is? | Xray photons |
| The glass or metal envelope where the entire cathode and Anode assembly are located? | The tube |
| Point where Xray beam exits the tube? | The window |
| What is the primary function of the Envelope? | Maintain the vacuum b/een the Anode and Cathode |
| Define: Effective Focal Spot | Area of the focal spot that is projected out of the tube toward the object being radiographed. |
| Define: Actual Focal Spot | Physical area of the focal track that is impacted on the Anode |
| What is the target area on the Anode where the high voltage electrons impact? | Focal spot/ Focal track |
| What are the two types of Anodes? | Stationary and Rotating |
| What are the primary reasons for using tungsten as target Anode materials? | 1) High atomic number 2) High melting point 3) Heat-conducting ability |
| What is the Anode made of? | Molybdenum w/ Rhenium-alloyed Tungsten |
| Define: Focusing cup | Provides a low (-) potential which forces the electrons to be "focused" into a narrow beam as it needs for the Anode. |
| What is the Xray tube where the focusing cup is located? | Cathode end (- side) |
| What is the positive end of the Xray tube where x-rays are produced? | Anode (+ side) |
| Define: Filament; what is the process is called? | Def: small (coiled) wire of tungsten. When heated filament increases movement of electrons from wire surface and ejects them. Process: Boiling of electrons/ Thermionic Emission |
| The negative side of the Xray tube ? | Cathode (-) |
| The Xray tube consists of: A) B) C) D) | A) Cathode B) Anode C) Envelope D) Protective Housing |
| Device that allows: Electrons, target materials, high voltage and a vacuum to exist? | Xray tube |
| Two types of target interactions that produce diagnostic range xray photons: A) B) | A) Bremsstrahlung interactions B) Characteristic Interactions |
| What ends the exposure at a (Manually) current set time? | Timer circuit |
| What controls the current to flow through the circuit? | Exposure switch |
| What modifies incoming (line power) to produce xrays by boosting the voltage- allows radiographer to adjust amperage, voltage, and length (time) of exposure? | Main Circuit |
| what is a product of electron tube current and the amount of time/seconds the xray tube is activated- controls the beam quality? | mAs |
| Highest energy level of photons in the xray beam- controls quality or penetrating power | Kvp |
| Man-made/ artificial source of radiation: A) B) C) D) | A) Medical procedures B) Consumer products C) Nuclear Fuel D) Nuclear Power |
| Natural Sources of radiation: A) B) C) D) | A) Radon (radionuclide) B) Cosmic (Sun/solar system) C) Terrestrial (earths crust) D) Internal (body tissue) |
| Two sources of Ionizing Radiation: | 1) Natural 2) Manmade |
| Cardinal rules of radiation protection? | 1) Time 2) Distance 3) Sheilding |
| Who discovered Xray and in what year was it discovered? | Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895 |
| Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states: | 1) Stem (immature cells) are more radiosensitive compared to mature cells 2) Younger cells/tissues/organs are more radiosensitive than older cells 3) Higher the metabolic cell activity the more radiosensitive 4) The greater the proliferation and growth |
| Continued .... | 4) for tissue, greater sensitivity 5) Fetus is most radiosensitive |
| 1) 1Gy (X2)= 2) 1 Sv= 3) 1 rem (X2)= 4) 1 cGy= 5)1 R (X3)= | 1)100 rad or 1 Sv 2)100 rem 3) 1 rad or 10 mSv 4) 1 rad 5) 0.00877 Gy or Sv =8.77 mGy or mSv (centi=100: milli=1000: micro=100,000) |
| Define: Image gently | Lowering patient dose (child sizing) specific to children. Child sizing Kvp and mAs (only area of interest). |
Created by:
Bemickelson
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