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russian revolution
marxism, lenin, stalin, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| karl marx wrote the communist manifesto as a critique to.... | capitalism |
| what largely influenced the writings of karl marx? | the industrial revolution |
| who were the bourgeoisie? | factory owners/capitalists |
| who were the proletariat? | urban workers in factories |
| who supported the Tsar's government? | the clergy, army, and nobility |
| what were the pogroms? | massacres of the Jewish in late 18th and 19th hundreds in Russia |
| with the Tsar's permission, the creation of this was the first step in political reform | duma (parliament) |
| name the three political groups in Russia in the 1910's | social revolutionary party = saw revolution through a peasant revolt kadets = liberals and democrats, wanted british style government social democratic party = followed marx's ideologies |
| two groups that spilt the social democratic party | mensheviks = moderates in orientation bolsheviks = led by Lenin, wanted a revolution |
| what was the new government called after 1917? | sovnarkom |
| what happened when the constituent assembly met for the first time in 1918? | armed bolsheviks closed it down as lenin wanted to destroy all opposition (socialist revolutionaries) |
| named some things the sovarkom did in the time before the civil war | 1. ended private land ownership 2. state control of the banks 3. made all opposition groups illegal |
| what was lenin's famous quote in the april theses? | "peace, bread, land" |
| who were some of the supporters of the "whites", (opposition to the bolsheviks) in the civil war? | - cossacks = local warlords/gang leaders - bourgeoisie - outlawed political groups - tsarist army officers |
| who sent troops to the USSR to support the whites? | britain, france, united states, canada, italy, and japan |
| why did the red army win the civil war? | the reds were successful since the bolsheviks controlled the heart of russia; the industry, military supplies, and a large portion of the population |
| define war communism | the period from 1918-1921 where the bolsheviks implemented their economic policy to create an "equal sharing of wealth" |
| what are some things war communism included? | 1. nationalization of all industry and private enterprise 2. forced labour 3. no private trade 4. state owned all land 5. confiscation of food surplus to feed army and urban workers |
| what did lenin launch in 1921 when war communism had failed? | NEP = new economic policy |
| three things the NEP included | 1. some private trade 2. peasants could sell come surplus 3. some factories were allowed to go private |
| about how many people died during the famine in the late 1910's? | 2-6 million |
| what happened and who was involved in the 1922 treaty of rappallo? | USSR and germany made a deal that the USSR would illegally supply germany with war materials in return for steel manufacturing technology |
| in 1922, the bolsheviks became the "communist party" and russia became... | USSR = union of soviet socialist republics |
| how many parties did the USSR have? | one (communist party) |
| he died in 1924 and had petrograd re-named after him | lenin (leningrad) |
| who were the two competitors in the running to lead the soviet union? | stalin and trotsky |
| what were stalin and trotsky's views on socialism? | stalin = "socialism in one country" (develop state from within) trotsky = "revolutionary/international socialism" (through cominterm) |
| what happened to trotsky between 1927 -1928 when stalin came into power? | he was expelled from the communist party and exiled to mexico |
| instead of leading the USSR straight into industrialization, stalin created the... | five year plans (1928) |
| did the five year plans agree with the NEP or were they the opposite? | the opposite; free market, selling surplus, and any private or individual economic plans were eliminated |
| this was a key part in the five year plan and was forced upon all peasants | collective farms (collectivization) |
| in ukraine, this act was a regular policy and caused mass famine | grain procurement |
| what did the government do with the grain? | sold the grain on foreign markets to raise currency needed to develop the industry |
| wealthy peasants who benefited from NEP (threat to stalin) | kulaks |
| why were the kulaks opposed to the collective farms? | it meant that they would lose their land and machinery to the state |
| in what ways did stalin "liquidate" the kulaks? | they were sent to gulags, (labour camps where they were starved, tortured, and put through back breaking work) or kill immediately |
| what treatment did stalin give the NEP men (nepmen) | they were persecuted or killed |
| what was stalin's biggest fear? | the potential threat of losing his position and power (mainly to the great powers of the west) |
| why was heavy industry needed so much? | to develop the infrastructure the USSR needed to create armaments to defend itself (from western enemies) |
| in 1933, the second installment of this was introduced | second five year plan |
| why was there a second five year plan? | many party officials found the first plan too harsh and severe |
| who were the NKVD? | stalin's secret police |
| what happened to many of the old "heroes" of the revolution? | they were tried for treason as they were "plotting to overthrow the government" |
| russia's participation ended in WW1 because of this treaty | treaty of brest-litovsk (1917) |
| this pact created a non-agreession treaty between the USSR and this country in 1939 | navi-soviet pact with germany |
| what happened on international women's day, 1917? | women began a protest on the streets of petrograd about the war effort, high inflation, food scarcity, etc |
| what happened at kronstadt in 1921? | the rebellion of the sailors against the bolsheviks |
| what was the march revolution? | after the protest on international women's day and when the tsar abdicated the throne, thousands of people went on strike due to low wages, shops and factories were destroyed, and by march 12th, the soldiers of petrograd also joined the protest. |
| what ended the march revolution? | when the tsar abdicated the throne on march 16th |
| what happened during the november revolution? | under trotsky's leadership, bolsehviks (red guards) took over buildings and the streets of petrograd with almost no resistance. |
| what were two decrees that lenin announced around the time of the november revolution? | 1. decree of land: gave land to peasants, and they would divide it amongst themselves (gave lenin support of people in the country side 2. decree on peace: pulled russia out of WW1 |
| who did the bolsheviks have to defeat to gain control of the government? | they had to overthrow the provisional government (duma) |
| who supported lenin and the bolsheviks during the november revolution? | the workers council (soviets) |
| marx believed that this type of society would flourish from a united revolution to seize the means of production | a just society |
| what were the four factors of production? | land, capital, labour, and entrepreneurship |
Created by:
sofia mezban
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