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PRAXIS 053/Concepts

Conceptual Approaches

QuestionAnswer
Cognitive (Gestalt and Piaget) An individual constructs the acquisition of new information and skills based on prior knowledge. Examines the internal mental processes that include problem solving, memory, and language, while focusing on how people understand,analyze,and solve problems
Constructionist (Piaget) Experiential learning where individuals are engaged in actively creating things and constructing mental models are based on this theory. Students may be involved in experimentation and hands-on learning while the teacher is the facilitator.
Psychodynamic (Brucke, Jung, and Freud) The study of human behavior based on motivation and drives, and the functional significance of emotions. An individual's personality and her reactions to situations are the result of interactions within her mind,genetic constitution,emotional state.
Behavioral (Skinner) Incorporates the ABC model of instruction, which stands for antecedent or stimulus, target behavior or response, and consequences or reinforcement. Promotes the effectiveness of explicit teaching and direct instruction. (tasks, skills, environment)
Sociological (Bandura) Based on student observation in order to gain knowledge. Because individuals may learn from watching others, educators should provide modeling and demonstrations that allow students to learn through observation.
Ecological The study of how humans may develop within their specific environments. Focuses on how social experiences and culture affect an individual's development and future success.
Therapeutic Utilizes the expertise of specific related service providers. It focuses on the specific needs of the exceptional student across all educational settings.
Medical Educators may gain information about a student's diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, while sharing opinions about the delivery of services. Does not apply specifically to school programs, but should be considered in developing an IEP.
Created by: pkooyman
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