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Special Senses-Sight

Special senses

QuestionAnswer
Smell / Olfactory Smell:Olfactus; Receptors-Tufts of hair in the nasal cavity, have nerves to the brain. Stimulated by gas particles during respiration (especially sniffing).
Olfactory Bulbs In the base of the brain.
Taste / Gustatory; Taste buds Taste buds are on the papillae (roughness on tongue). Bitter, Acid, Sweet, Salty (BASS)
Ear Organ of hearing and balance (equilibrium)Has three parts-External, middle and internal
External Ear Auricle (pinna)-helps direct sound wave.Very outer part of ear.EAM- external auditory meatus; canal opening from auricle to eardrum. contains ceruminous glands (secrete ear wax) About 1-2.5 cm in length.
Middle ear Tympanic cavity-small hollow space between internal & external ear.Located in temporal bone. Has 5 openings:tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, the malleus, the incus and the stapes.
Tympanic membrane "Eardrum" middle ear-Thin membrane, vibrates with sound waves.
Audirory ossicles Has the three smallest bones in the body-They act as a lever system to magnify sound wave vibration to the cochlea. The malleus, the incus and the stapes.
Malleus Named for "hammer" shape; attached to tympanic membrane by its handle.
Incus "anvil" shaped; attached at one end to malleus and the other end to the stapes.
Stapes "stirrup" extends from incus to opening into inner ear (oval window)
Inner Ear - Bony Labyrinth Lies medial to middle ear in petrous part or temporal bone. Responsible for equilibrium as well as hearing. Has 3 parts: cochlea, vestibule & semicircular canals.
Cochlea Communicates with middle ear through round window (membrane). Used for hearing, makes three complete turns with a central core that is bone.
Vestibule Communicates with middle ear through oval window. Used for balance.
Semicircular canals Half circle form the letter "C". Used for balance
Membrane Labyrinth Semicircular ducts, coclea ducts and sacs
Eustachian tube Also called auditory tube; connects middle ear to pharynx; equalizes pressure.
Eyes / outer coverings Fibrous or outer layer; Conjunctive-a thin membrane that covers the cornea and lines the eyelids. Cornea-Clear covers anterior 1/6 of eye and sclera - whites of eye cover 5/6 of eye.
Vascular coat or middle layer Choroid covering; ciliary body-attached to lens, iris-colored part has sphincter muscle to dilate & contract the pupil. Pupil- circular black opening.
Retina - Inner coat Retina or inner coat has Rods-dim light and black & white. Cones-bright light and colors.
Macula lutea Yellow spot; opposite the pupil contains cones only; most sensitive spot.
Fovea contralis Central pit, depression in macula - very sensitive to light.
Blind spot or optic disc Where optic nerve enters- no cones or rods.
Refractory Media Fill eyeball cavity-transport-focus image onto retina (upside down). Include Aqueous humor-anterior cavity posterior to cornea. Lens- behind iris & aqueous humor-biconvex- ciliary muscvle helps it focus. Vitreous humor-fills the cavity behind the lens.
Optic nerves 2nd cranial nerve - go directly to brain. Optic chiasma -medial nerve fibers meet here. Optic tract 2 bundles from both eyes posterior to chiasma go to the occipital lobes at the base of the brain.
Extrinsic muscles of the eye Responsible for eyeball movement.
Eyelids Upper and lower protect and cover the eye during sleep.
Medial and lateral canthus Medial canthus (internal) Inner corner of eye, near the nose. Lateral canthus (external) outer corner of eye.
Lacrimal Apparatus Tears travel from upper outer eyeball to lower inner eyeball-lubricate.
Lacrimal gland Upper outer eye - secretes tears
lacrimal duct Open at punctate (inner corner)drain tears
Lacrimal sac Medial end of eye in lacrimal groove.
Nasolacrimal duct From sac into nasal cavity.
Vison Path (Light Rays) 1.Cornea 2. Aqueous humor 3. Lens 4. Vitreous humor 5. Retina 6. Optic nerve 7. Occipital lobe of brain
Hearing Path (sound wave) 1. Eardrum 2. Malleus 3. Incus 4. Stapes 5. Oval Window 6. Fluid in cochlea 7. Hair cells in Organ of Corti 8. Temporal lobes in brain.
Created by: sewwhat4
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