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CLST102: Test 2
Intro to Greek Civilization Week 4-6 Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Temenos | meaning "cut-off"; referring to the sanctuaries |
| The Acropolis | had multiple temples; included the parthenon, which housed a statue of athena |
| Zeus Boulaious | zeus of the council; had gods to worship specific parts of their lives |
| Artemis Boulaious | artemis of the council; had gods to worship specific parts of their lives |
| Zeus Agoraious | zeus of the agora; had gods to worship specific parts of their lives |
| Hermes Agoraious | hermes of the agora; had gods to worship specific parts of their lives |
| Phratria | "brother"; a symbolic kinship group connected by religious festivals; everyone was in one |
| Panathenaia | celebrated the birthday of athena; hekatombaion 28th; held every year, with extra large ones every 4th year; everyone in athens (citizens and not) could attend |
| Metis | representation of wisdom/skill; athena's mother |
| Athena's Birth | zeus was scared about athena being more powerful than him so he swallowed metis whole while she was pregnant. then athena was cut from his hear a while later. |
| Competition and the Gods | the gods enjoyed when people competed for greatness, so most/all festivals included competitions. |
| Anthesteria | the flower festival; in honour of dionysus |
| Drinking Age | the drinking age in athens was 3 years old, they got their first drink at anthesteria |
| The Eleusinian Mysteries | the festival of demeter, following the myth of her daughters abduction; meant to give a better afterlife to the initiates |
| Kore | "the maiden"; demeter's daughter; was married to hades w out demeter's knowledge |
| Persephone/Prosepina | kore's new name after her marriage to hades |
| Mystes (pl. Mystai) | "the initiate"; people who were part of the cult in eleusis; the initiation process was secret on punishment of death |
| The Smaller Mysteries | performed in athens to prepare and purify |
| The Greater Mysteries | performed in eleusis and had processions; mostly secret but likely included ritual baths and re-enactments |
| Apatouria | the festival of the phratries; each had their own |
| Koureotis | days of youth; hair-cutting; during the apatouria |
| Demos (pl. Demoi or Demes) | could mean "the people" (as a group/body) or "a village" (in attica, outside athens) |
| Agon | competion; root of our word agony |
| Gymnasium | meant a place where people were naked (they worked out naked and covered in oil) |
| The Pan-Hellenistic Games | multiple atheletic competitions that occured in a circuit (periodos) |
| Philotimia | love of honour; ambition |
| Time | honour; comes from the greek word for value/true assessment |
| Atimia | Atimos | dishonour | the dishonoured |
| Ostracism | a way of removing threats to democracy from the city; it removed the person from athens for 10 years; existed 490-417 bce |
| Ostrakon (pl. Ostraka) | a piece of broken pottery used to write your vote |
| Philoi | friends, family, and people tied to you by obligation; people who helped you |
| Ekhthroi | enemies; people who did you harm, and their friends/family |
| Polemioi/Polemois | war enemies |
| Polemos | war |
| Xenia (noun: Xenoi) | guest friendships/friend; the bond was hereditary and sanctioned by the god |
| Hubris | pride; greek for "aggression/violence"; intentionally dishonouring behaviour |
| Aidos | shame; the term for the sense of felling men's eyes upon you; tied to the public approval |
| Sophrosune (noun: sophron) | the virtue of self-control, prudence, and moderation (or a person with this virtue) |
| Symposion | "drinking together"; a gathering of a small group of men; they drank wine together; it was not meant to end in excess or riot |
| Symposiarch | the master of drinking; one man chosen at random who chose the water-wine ratio and the discussion topics |
| Symposiats | participants at the symposium; must be active in conversation |
| Symposium Cups | had decorations of eyes on them and pictures of drinking gone wrong as a warning against excess |
| Pannychis | all night parties, for women only; often connected to religious festivals and family celebrations |
| Men's Status | 18+ male citizens; the only ones with political rights; expected to serve in the miltary when needed between 18-39; had to attend ekklesia every 10 days |
| Women's Status | passed on citizen but had very few rights |
| Children's Status | less rights than any adult but still a good amount of rights |
| Metic's Status | had some obligations (like army service) but very few rights, however they were treated well |
| Slaves' Status | often came from abroad; they could buy their freedom but often didn't have family to help them |
| Autochthonous | "sprung from the soil"; athenians considered themselves to be the original people in greece and believed everyone else were foreigners |
| Purpose of Marriage | the procreation of legitimate children and the protection of the oikos |
| Age of Marriage | girls = 15/16; men = 30s |
| Oikoi | basically an estate/household; an instrument of keeping the property within the kin group |
| Andron | a men's dining room; used for symposiums; women were not supposed to dine with non-relative males |
| Women in Public | free athenian women were expected to not leave the house other than for festivals/funerals/etc; they stayed inside and did things like weaving instead |
| The Bone Well | a well full of infant skeletons and dog skeletons found near the agora |
| Pallakai | concubines; had some protections; they were in long-term relationships w non-married partners |
| Pornkai | prostitutes; slaves or free but very very rarely athenians |
| Hetairai | courtesans; "companions"; educationed and sophisticated women who were companions; prestigious and expensive |
| Sexual Morality Laws | the survival of the oikos and of legitimate heirs was most important so it was the only thing the laws targeted |
| Pederasty | "the love of boys"; relationship between an older man and a boy |
| Erastes | "the lover"; the older male, usually 20s-30s; paying was very dishonourable |
| Eromenos | "the beloved"; the younger one, usually early/mid teens; being paid was very dishonourable; also called "paidika" |
| Mythical Models of Pederasty | zeus liked ganymedes so much he took him to mt olympus |
| Education in Greece | no public education system; all private and arranged by parents based on their own means and expectations; taught literact, music, and physical education |
| Grammatistes | the elementary teacher who taught basic literacy |
| Grammata | the letters of the alphabet |
| Khoros | a dance or chorus |
| Paidotribes | sports trainer |
| Gymasion | gymnastic school |
| Palaistra | wrestling school |
| Sophistes | "a sage or wise man"; an itinerant teacher who specialized in rhetoric; hated by many philosophers |
| Arete | excellence; sophistes claimed to teach it |
| Gorgias from Leoninoi | one of the most famous sophists; wrote "in praise of helen" |
| Peitho | persuasion |
| Aristophanes' "Clouds" | a comedy insulting socrates, depicting him as a bad influence |
| Views on Work | some sources state that only wealth derived from the land was respected but there is proof of professional pride from craftmen |
| Size of Manufacturing Section | mostly family owned and small, but tanneries and weaponries were larger and employed |
| Demosthenes | a very famous swords maker |
| Kerameikos | the pottery neighbourhood in athens; this is where our word for ceramics comes from |
| Silver Miners | largely slaves worked the mines; mines were public but leased by wealthy individuals and worked by large numbers of slaves |
| Role of Athenian Silver Coins | widely used and accepted through the mediterranean |
| Import/Export Tax | 2% |
| Bottomry Loans | a form of insurance; a loan to buy cargo and own nothing in the case that the ship sunk |
| Slave Trade | unclear how people came to be slaves in athens, but almost all were from thrace or asia minor |
| Public Slaves | would be used in roles like police, secretaries, etc because they had no family or rights and therefore had no agenda |
| Metics (s. Metoikos) | a resident foreigner in athens; could register after a month; had to pay a tax and serve in the army |
| Prostates | a patron; metics required one |
| Pasion | a famous metic banker, who was a freed slave; he made such a big impact he was gifted full citizenship |
| Foreign Merchants | required for the economy and therefore treated very well and given some rights |
| The Cult of Bendis | bendis is a thracian goddess similar to artemis; her cult was officially introduced into athens in the 5th century |
| Sanctuary of Aphrodite | set up by kitian merchants in piraeus |
| Sanctuary of Isis | set up by egyptians in piraeus |
| Kanephoroi | bears of gold baskets used in rituals |
| Skaphephoroi | resident aliens who carried trays of gifts such as cakes and honeycombs |
| Obeliai | "spit loaves"; likely baguetes; carried along with wineskins during the festival of dionysos |
| Praxiergidai | the family who was responsible for the traditional washing of the statue of athena |
| Khoregoi | managers of musicians/singers/actors |
| Pithoigia | "jar opening"; first day of anthesteria; wine opened and tested |
| Khoes | "wine jugs"; second day of anthesteria; drinking contest/ritual |
| Khutrai | "pots"; third day of anthesteria; banishing demons and making food for the dead |
| Keres | evil demons |
| Epoptai | Epoptes | viewers; initiates who were allowed to view the last stage of the eleusinian mysteries |
| Kurios | the male master of the household |
| Kurieia | "protection/tutalage"; all the women and the boys within the oikos |
| Barbaros | non-greeks |
| Epidemics | a work of collected case histories of a large number of patients that tracked the way illness progresses |
| Doxa | glory |
| Ajax | famous warrior in the trojan war; killed himself out of shame |
| Strigil | tool used to scrape sweat and oil off you |
| Eris | strife |
| Kottabos | game at symposium where the last bit of your wine was thrown at a disc to knock it down |
| Perikles' Citizen Law | only people with two athenian parents would qualify as citizens |
| Epikleros | the female heir to an oikos, if there were no men |
| Rhetoric | the art of speaking and persuasion |
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