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bioeman
Block 6 amino acid questions from back of packet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During protein digestion, the pancreas and stomach secrete zymogens. What is their function? What activates them? | zymogen are inactivaed proteins that are activated by enteropetidase or trypsin. Then the break down proteins to aa parts |
| during the well-fed state, what pathways are active and utilize amino acids? | synthesize proteins, synthesis purines and pyrimidines, heme groups and neurotransmiters |
| What happens to excess amino acids in the well-fed state? | go into TCA cycle and glycolysis to make ATP |
| In the fasting state, what is the source of amino acids (particularly alanine) for support of gluconeogenesis? | muscle proteins are broken down, N transfered to pyruvate which becomes alanine and sent to the liver. |
| What sequesters ammonium ions in peripheral tissues? | glutamine synthase converts it to glutamine so it is not reactive |
| What is present in kidney and induced by metabolic acidosis? | glutaminase does the reverse of glutamine synthase to manage acid base balance |
| What converts alanine to pyruvate? | ALT - alanine aminotransferase |
| What results in the formatin of alpha-ketoglutarate + NADH | AST - asparate aminotransferase |
| What is the difference between glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids? | glucogenic are derived from glucose Keto-genic are derived from acetyl-CoA |
| What two compounds are responsible for the supplying urea with its N-atoms? | aspartate and ammonium |
| The rate limiting step(s) in urea synthesis are located in which subcellular organelle? | mitochondria |
| An infant in respiratory distress has lab values with depressed BUN. Ammonium and glutamine levels are elevated. What disorder might be suspected? | ? carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 deficiency |
| Big Girl consumes a high protein meal. What would expect this person BUN to be 2 hours after the meal compared to a person that consumed a high fat meal? a high carb meal? | BUN - high protein = high carb and fat = lower |
| mother brings in infant with funny sweet smelling urine and lethargy. What is the problem? What labs should be ordered? | Maple Syrup Urine disease - test by measuring branched chain amino acids, especially valine, isoleucine and leucine |
| What is as a frequent condition that results from homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency | cardiovascular disease |
| What is the cause of homocystinemia / homocystinuria? | defect in cystathionine synthetase |
| If a persons bilirubin and AST are elevated, what might be the condition? | viral hepatisis |
| If you have microvascular occlusion and jaundice with unconjugated bilirubin greater than conjugated bilirubin, what is the disorder? | sickle cell crisis, thalasemia, or G-6PDH deficiency episode |
| When are ferochelatase enzymes inhibited? | lead poisoning |
| what might occur if the Km of UDP-glucuronyl transferase is elevated by missense mutation? | Gilbert syndrome or Criglar-Najar |
| The two substates required for the synthesis of gama-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and ultimately heme are? | sucinyl-CoA + glycine |
| Before amino acids can be oxidized to CO2 + H2O +ATP, what reaction has to occur? To what is the amino acid converted? | Aminotransferases exchange amino groups on amino acids for keto groups on alpha ketoacids |
| If a patient is have Kussmal breathing what enzyme is cranking hard in the kidneys? | It is metabolic acidosis, so glytamate dehydrogenase? |
| What enzyme requires ATP as a cofactor? glutamine synthetase, glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aminotransferase | glutamine sythetase |
| What enzyme requires either NAD or NADP as a cofactor? glutamine synthetase, glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aminotransferase | glutamate dehydrogenase |
| What are the four enzymatic activites and the critical enzymes of amino acid metabolism? | 1. amination by glutamine synthetase 2. deamination by glutaminase 3. transamination by alanine transferase (ALA)& aspartate transferase (AST) 4. deamination via glutamate dehydrogenase |
Created by:
El Diablo
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