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Ch 1/2 Physics
Concepts/Fundamentals of Radiologic Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is matter? | anything that occupies space and has mass |
| All matter is compose of what? | atoms |
| How is matter measured? | kilograms |
| What is mass? | the quantity of matter in a physical object |
| How is mass measured? | kilograms |
| What is energy? | the ability to do work |
| How is energy measured? | joules |
| What is potential energy? | stored energy |
| What is kinetic energy? | energy in motion |
| What is electrical energy? | results from the movement of electrons |
| What is the law of conservation of matter? | matter cannot be created or destroyed |
| What is the law of conservation of energy? | energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| When electrical energy produces electro-magnetic energy, it is then coverted into what? | chemical energy |
| What is ionization? | radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from it's shell of an atom with which it interacts |
| What is the two kinds of radiation? | natural and man-made |
| What is the similarity of both radiations? | both are ionizing radiation |
| What is the largest natural radiation source? | radon |
| What is the largest source of man-made radiation? | diagnostic x-rays |
| What are some natural forms of radiation? | cosmic, terrestrial, deposited radionuclides |
| What are some man-made forms of radiation? | industry, nuclear medicine, medicine |
| How did William Roentgen discover x-rays? | use of a crookes tube, accidentally, Nov.8, 1895 |
| What was the glass plate covered with when it started to glow? | barium platinocyanide |
| Who was the 1st person x-rayed and when? | Bertha Roentgen (Roentgen'swife), 1896 |
| Who was the 1st person to demonstrate the intensifying screen? | Michael Pupin, 1896 |
| Who invented the flouroscope and when? | Thomas Edison, 1898 |
| When was it first realized that radiation causes biologic changes? | 1898 |
| When was Roentgen awarded the nobel prize? | 1901 |
| When was the 1st recorded fatality due to radiation,and who was it? | 1904, Clarence Daily (Thomas Edison's asst) |
| When was the coolidge hot filament discovered? | 1913 |
| When was the Potter-Bucky introduced? | 1921 |
| What does ALARA stands for? | as low as reasonably achievable |
| What are the basic concepts of radiation protection? | filtration, collimation, intensifying screens, gonadal shielding, protective barriers |
| What are the properties of x-rays? | highly penetrating invisible form of electromagnetic radiation, electrically neutral, not affected by other fields, poly-energetic, releases small amounts of heat when passing through matter, travels in straight lines and at the speed of light(3x10^8) |
| What is a photon? | the smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic energy; a small bundle of energy |
| What is another name for photon? | quantum; a quantum of electromagnetic energy |
| Photons are constantly changing in variations called what? | sine waves |
| What are the properties of a photon? | amplitude, frequency, wavelength, velocity |
| What is amplitude? | one half the range from crest to valley over which the sine wave varies |
| What is frequency(f)? | number of wavelengths that pass a point of observation per second; the rate of the rise and fall; cycles per second |
| How is frequency measured? | hertz (Hz) |
| What is wavelength? | the distance from one crest to another, one valley to another, or from any point on the sine wave to the next corresponding point |
| Velocity travels at what speed? | 3x10^8(speed of light) |
| What is the only property that is constant? | velocity |
| What is the relation between wavelength and frequency? | inversely proportional: as wavelength increases, energy decreases |
| What is the relation between energy and frequency? | directly proportional |
| What is the difference between x-rays and gamma rays? | their origin |
| How is visible light identified? | by wavelength |
| How is radio-frequency identified? | by frequency of transmission |
| How are x-rays identified? | by energy |
| What is the smallest particle of a compound? | molecule |
| What is the smallest particle of an element? | atom |
Created by:
sunshineb
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