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EOC European studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where did the Industrial and Agricultural Revolution begin? | United Kingdom |
| After being replaced by machines, farm workers moved from the farms to where? | The City |
| The separation of farmland by putting up walls or fences was known as? | Enclosure |
| All of the following are reasons the Agricultural Revolution helped start the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT? Population Spike Food Abundance Animal Labor Large Workforce | Animal Labor |
| The stealing of machine ideas from Britain and bringing them to America was a process known as? | Industrial Espionage |
| Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the process of creating cloth at home was known as? | Cottage Industry |
| The first factories were built next to which geographical feature? | Rivers |
| What new form of power replaced hydraulic (water) during the Industrial Revolution? | Steam |
| What was the first industry to be changed by the Industrial Revolution? | Textile |
| What creation during the Industrial Revolution was a part of factories, and for the first time told people when and where they needed to be? | Clocks |
| Movie Projector | Eadweard Muybridge |
| Automobile | Karl Benz |
| Light Bulb | Thomas Eddison |
| Telephone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Steam Locomotive | Richard Trevithick |
| Airplane | Wright Brothers |
| In his book “Wealth of Nations”, Adam Smith creates the economic system known as? | Free Market |
| Who is known as the “Father of Communism”? | Karl Marx |
| One of the most basic ideas that makes Capitalism is known as? | Supply/Demand |
| What book did Karl Marx write outlining his economic theories? | Communist Manifesto |
| T or F: In Communism, the government controls production? | True |
| T or F: Capitalism says that the best economy is one that regulates itself? | True |
| T or F: One of the many negatives of Communism is the ability for a company to create a monopoly on a market? | False |
| T or F: In Communism, there is an ability to own private property? | False |
| T or F: Socialism, Communism and Marxism are all forms of a Command or Planned economic system? | True |
| The British Government eventually passed this law, putting regulations on what companies could do with their child labor. | Factory act |
| In the 1800’s, the British workforce in some factories was made up of what percentage of child labor? | 50% |
| Child labor was used in all of the following industries EXCEPT? Chimney Sweeps Factory Work Mining Military | Military |
| Children were typically hired instead of adults because of their what? | Small size |
| When they did earn wages, children often earned what percentage of what an adult would earn for the same job? | 10-20 |
| The policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force is known as? | Imperialism |
| The idea that it was up to white European powers to “civilize” the rest of the world was called? | White Man's Burden |
| The process of controlling an areas government and economy using your military is known as? (This is most typically associated with Great Britain's control of its colonies). | Direct Rule |
| Europeans believing they were more “fit” and “dominant”, while other nations were “inferior” was called? | Social Darwinism |
| When a place has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence over another area it is known as? | Sphere of Influence |
| The process or steps needed to create a new colony was known as? | Cycle of Conquest |
| People sent out to bring Christianity to new lands and "civilize the heathens” and “educate the savages | Missionaries |
| The meeting between the major European powers to divide up Africa was called? | Berlin Conference |
| One of the most popular national heroes of the United Kingdom in the 1800’s. He spent most of his adult life looking for the source of the Nile River. | David Livingston |
| The time period when European powers were colonizing this continent more than any other continent was known as? | Scramble for Africa |
| This man was a German-Prussian Statesman, and oversaw the unification of Germany. | Otto von Bismarck |
| This was the first “modern” war that used telegraphs, machine guns, and trains. | Crimean War |
| The war fought between the British and the Chinese. In the end Britain gained control of Hong Kong and opened 5 new trade ports. | Opium War |
| Name of the Indigenous (native) people of Australia. | Aboriginals |
| Aboriginal belief of how the world and different things were created. Told using stories and songs. | Dreamtime |
| British sailor who claimed Australia for the British in 1770. | James Cook |
| The group of 11 ships that set up the first colony in Australia in 1788 was called? | First Fleet |
| The first settlement in present-day Sydney was set up for convicts from the U.K. What were settlements like this called? | Penal Colony |
| Islands of Indonesia, areas of southern Africa (Boers) | Dutch/Netherlands |
| Southwest Africa (Namibia), islands in the Pacific Ocean, Togo | German |
| Western Africa, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Madagascar | France |
| Alaska, western North America (around Sacramento, California) | Russia |
| Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Jamaica, South Africa | United Kingdom |
| Mexico, Central America, Caribbean islands, South America | Spain |
| The name of the Austro-Hungarian Archduke assassinated in Sarajevo was named? | Franz Ferdinand |
| The name for the alliance between Britain, France and Russia was called? | Triple Entente |
| The name for the alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire was called? | Central Power |
| Prior to war starting, Italy was aligned with which major European Empire? | Germany |
| Who was the assassin that would kill the Archduke of Austria-Hungary? | Gavrilo Princip |
| The building up of armies and navies to prepare for war is known as? | Militarization |
| A significant cause of WWI was the fact that soldiers and citizens of the European nations felt extreme pride for their countries and empires. This is known as? | Nationalism |
| Which Serbian city was the Archduke assassinated in? | Sarajevo |
| Which region of Europe was known as the “Powder Keg” that would cause Europe to go to war? | Balkan |
| T or F: The airplane was never used during WWI. | False |
| T or F: The French were the first to use chemical gases. | False |
| T or F: The most effective part of the German navy was Its submarines. | True |
| T or F: Tanks were first used as a way to cross No Man’s Land. | True |
| T or F: Machine Guns were the most deadly weapon of WWI. | False |
| T or F: Artillery killed more people than any other weapon in WWI. | True |
| T or F: Trench Warfare was only used for one year of the war. | False |
| T or F: Barbed wire was used as an obstacle in No Man’s Land. | True |
| The mobilization of armed forces, as well as the economic, political and daily life of civilians during wartime is known as? | The Home Front |
| The process of splitting up supplies evenly and fairly so that everyone gets something is called? | Rationing |
| The peak of the food shortage for Germany during WWI was called? | Turnip Winter |
| The civilian group of women that worked in the agricultural industry during WWI was called? | Women Land Army |
| In WWI, dogs were primarily used to carry what? | Messages |
| All of the major European powers censored this during WWI to keep up the moral at home. | Media |
| Horse’s in WWI were primarily used as a form of transport for what? | Supplies |
| The bias use of posters, books, leaflets and newspapers to promote a particular political belief or cause is what? | Propaganda |
| When every man, woman, and child is involved in some way in the war effort it is known as? | Total Warfare |
| First major battle on the Western Front. | 1st Battle of the Marne |
| Russian army was defeated in the east by Germany. | Tannenberg |
| German battle to "Bleed the French army White". | Verdun |
| 4 month battle where 1 million soldiers were killed/wounded. | Somme |
| Last major offensive by the Germans. | 2nd Battle of the Marne |
| System of dug out holes directly facing the enemy. | Trench Warfare |
| Area between the two opposing trenches. | No Mans Land |
| German plan to attack quickly defeat France. | Schlieffen Plan |
| When no progress is made by either side during battle | Stalemate |
| The attempt for the German Foreign Secretary to get Mexico involved in the war against the United States was known as? | Zimmerman Telegram |
| President Wilson's plan for what should happen when the war was over was known as his? | 14 Points |
| The sinking of this ship helped to turn American opinion against Germany. | Lusitania |
| Unrestricted warfare against the United States and Britain was a tactic used by which country? | Germany |
| End of Russia's involvement in the war. | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
| When both sides agree to stop fighting. | Armistice |
| Allied nations met to discuss the fate of Germany. | Paris Peace Conference |
| Document that officially ended WWI. | Treaty of Versailles |
| Finland, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, etc. | New Countries in Europe |
| Which family was the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia? | Romanov |
| Who was the last Tsar(Thar) of Russia? | Nicholas II |
| Peasants made up what percentage of Russian citizens? | 80% |
| The Tsars ruled Russia with what kind of power? | Absolute |
| What was the name of the secret police set up to stop leftist organizations? | Okhrana |
| What was the name of the traditional Russian peasants home? | Izba |
| What was Rasputin's nickname? | Mad Monk |
| What blood disorder did the young Alexei have? | Hemophilia |
| What was the name of the prince that outlined a plot to kill Rasputin? | Felix Yusupov |
| T or F: Rasputin was poisoned, shot, stabbed and strangled before finally drowning. | True |
| Which revolution ended the rule of the Tsar, and was replaced with a Provisional Government? | March |
| During this time of revolution, who became the head of the Provisional Government? | Alexander Kerensky |
| Which revolution ended the rule of the Provisional Government, and was replaced by the Communists? | October |
| Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks? | Vladimir Lenin |
| What were strikers on International Women's Day demanding? | Bread |
| Which protest in 1905 led the Tsar to sign the October Manifesto? | Bloody Sunday |
| Leader of the Red Army. | Leon Trotsky |
| Destruction of those who opposed the Bolsheviks. | Red Terror |
| Leader of the Bolshevik Government | Vladimir Lenin |
| Government control of supplies to help the Red Army win. | War Comunism |
| Tsar Nicholas being forced to give up the throne. | Abdication |
| Nickname for the Bolsheviks forces. | The Red Army |
| Nickname for the anti-Bolshevik army. | The Whites |
| What was the name of the economic plan to help Germany pay its war debts back? | Dawes Plan |
| What was the name of the man that helped to stabilize the German economy in the 1920’s? | Gustav Stresemann |
| Rapid rise in prices of materials, and the high production of money caused Germany to experience? | Hyperinflation |
| Of the answers below, which was NOT a major cause of the Great Depression? Stock Market Crash Farming Troubles Too Many Goods Education | Education |
| The new economic government to come out of the Great Depression was called what? | Facism |
| What was Hitler's attempt to overthrow the Bavarian Munich government called? | Beer Hall Putsch |
| This was the book that Hitler wrote in prison that outlined his ideologies for Germany. | Mein Kampf |
| This act gave Hitler ultimate power and four years to fix Germany’s problems. | Enabling act |
| This was a series of laws that determined who Germans could marry and who could be a German citizen. | Nuremberg |
| This was the event where many Nazis destroyed Jewish homes, businesses and Synagogues. Also know as the "Night of Broken Glass". | Kristallnacht |
| What does the name “Stalin” mean? | Man of Steel |
| What was the name of the time period where Stalin eliminated anyone that opposed him? | Great Terror |
| By rewriting history and using the media as propaganda, Stalin created a what? | Cult of Personality |
| Stalin sent all of his public and political opponents to these forced labor camps known as? | Gulag |
| What title did Stalin have when he was in control of Russia? | General Secretary |
| A strong central government that glorifies the nation above the individual is known as what? | Facism |
| What was the name of the fascists who intimidated and used violence against those who were against fascism? | Black Shirt |
| What was the name given to Mussolini’s secret police? | OVRA |
| In 1922, the fascists threatened to march on which Italian city and take over the government if they weren't given more power? | Rome |
| The phrase, “Mussolini is Always Right”, is an example of what? | Propaganda |
| Franco became a general at the age of what? | 33 |
| The War that helped Franco come to power was? | Spanish Civil War |
| What group of people living in Northern Spain did Franco persecute? | Basque |
| What side did Franco sympathize with during WWII? | Axis |
| Franco secured assistance from which countries during his military coup? | Germany/Italy |
| The belief that nothing has value is known as? | Nihilism |
| What new form of music grew popular during the time between the two World Wars? | Jazz |
| What form of philosophy intended to destroy all art, writing, and language? | Dadaism |
| What was the name of the German Government before the Nazi’s took over? | Weimar Republic |
| A system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state is known as? | Totalitarianism |
| The process of Germany building up its military was called? | Rearmament |
| The area of Czechoslovakia that Hitler first invaded and was inhabited by Germans was called? | Sudetenland |
| The process of keeping Hitler and Germany happy, and letting them keep the lands they conquered to maintain peace was known as? | Appeasement |
| The area in Germany that Hitler sent 32,000 soldiers into, breaking the Treaty of Versailles was called? | Rhineland |
| What was the name of the treaty signed between Russia and Germany that said they would not attack each other? | Non-Aggression Pact |
| The meeting of Germany, France, Britain, and Italy in Munich, Germany in 1938 where Germany promised not to invade other countries was called? | Munich Conference |
| The battle tactic the Germans used to quickly sweep through Europe was called? | Blitzkrieg |
| The line of defense built by the French to defend against a German attack was called? | The Maginot Line |
| The Invasion of this country on September 1, 1939 officially started WWII. | Poland |
| Which country only took 6 hours for the Germans to conquer? | Denmark |
| France and Britain retreated across the English Channel from this area in France, rescuing over 330,000 troops from capture. | Dunkirk |
| This man became Prime Minister of the U.K. on May 10, 1940 and held Britain together during the war. | Winston Churchill |
| The Luftwaffe was the name for Germany’s what? | Airforce |
| The German bombing of London and other British cities was called? | The Blitz |
| The time period at the start of World War II where no fighting took place even though France and the UK had declared war on Germany was called? | Phony War |
| The RAF helped to stop the German invasion of Britain. What does RAF stand for? | Royal Air Force |
| Along with intense resistance from the Russians, what else weakened the attacking Germans? | Winter |
| What was the name of Hitler’s “New World Capital”? | Germania |
| What was the German ideological idea of “living space”? | Lebensraum |
| What was the name of the German operation that planned for the invasion of the Soviet Union that began on June 22, 1941? | Barbarossa |
| What event brought the United States into the second world war? | Pearl Harbor |
| The plan devised in 1941 to speed up the killing process (gas chambers and crematories) of Jews and other "undesirables" was called? | Final Solution |
| T or F: The invasion of Northern Africa was called Operation Torch. | True |
| T or F: In 1943, Mussolini was thrown in jail and freed by Hitler. | True |
| T or F: There was no resistance to Nazi occupation during WWII. | False |
| T or F: 1943 was considered the turning of the war for the allies. | True |
| T or F: Italy was never taken over by the Allied Powers | False |
| T or F: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was first mass uprising in Nazi-occupied Europe. | True |
| Invasion of France by Allied Forces. | D-Day |
| Last major offensive from the Germans in WWII. | Battle of the Bulge |
| Germany, Italy and Japan. | Axis Powers |
| United States, France Britain, and Soviet Union. | Allied Powers |
| Meeting by “Big Three” to make peace plans for after WWII. | Yalta Conference |
| This battle marked the end of WWII in Europe. | Battle of Berlin |
| This day commemorates the end of WWII in Europe with celebration. | V-E Days |
| The dropping of these marked the end of the Pacific War. | Atomic Bomb |
| The bombing of this city in Germany killed 135,000 people. | Dresden |
| Leader of Germany during WWII. | Adolf Hitler |
| Leader of Italy during WWII. | Benito Mussolini |
| Leader of Soviet Union during WWII | Joseph Stalin |
| This conference happened between the “Big Three” after the defeat of Germany and was meant to decide what to do with Europe. | Potsdam |
| Countries under tight control by the Soviet Union after WWII were called? | Satellite Nation |
| This American plan was created to help finance European economic recovery by giving up to $13 billion dollars to European nations. | Marshall Plan |
| This American plan was created to support free peoples from subjugation and stop the spread of communism. | Truman Doctrine |
| The idea that if one country fell to communism, all the countries surrounding it would fall as well was called? | Domino Theory |
| What was the codename for Russia's first Atomic Bomb? | First Lightning |
| What was the name of the first satellite launched into space? | Sputnik |
| What was the border between North Korea and South Korea? | 38th Parallel |
| What were the Kitchen Debates fought over? | Communism/Capitalism |
| Who was the new Russian leader during the Hungarian Uprising? | Nikita Khrushchev |
| The landing of this spacecraft marked the first time the United States won the Space Race. | Apollo 11 |
| On August 12-13th, 1961, the Soviets began building this between East and West Berlin. | Berlin Wall |
| What was the name of the international crisis in which the Soviet Union built missile sites in Cuba? | Cuban Missile Crisis |
| John F. Kennedy’s plan to avoid all out war was to do what to Cuba? | Quarantine |
| This invasion of Cuba led by Cuban exiles that were trained by the CIA was called? | Bay of Pigs |
| When two countries don’t directly go to war, but support two different sides, it is called? | Proxy War |
| The time period in the 1970’s where the USA and USSR experienced good relations was known as? | Détente |
| On November 9, 1989, the fall of this structure marked a symbolic end to communism in this German city. | Berlin |
| Which political group won East Germany’s first free elections in 1990? | Christian Democrats |
| What kind of economy was going to be put in place in this “New Russia”? | Free Market |
| What year did Germany finally re-unify? | 1990 |
| President of the United States from 1961-1963. | John F Kennedy |
| Leader of Russia from 1964-1982. | Leonid Brezhnev |
| Leader of Russia during Cuban Missile Crisis. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| Last president of the Soviet Union. | Mikhail Gorbachev |
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