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Cold War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Potsdam Conference | Meeting of U.S., UK, and Russia in Potsdam Germany. Stalin announced Russia keeping its territories. U.S. announced atomic bomb. |
| Harry Truman | President of U.S. at the start of Cold War. President from 1945-1953 |
| Satellite Countries | Countries controlled by Russia. Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany |
| Iron Curtain | Invisible line between Russian sphere of influence and U.S. Sphere of influence. |
| World Superpowers at the time | U.S. and USSR. |
| Domino Theory | Communism would spread to surrounding countries. |
| Division of Germany | West is capitalist run with American, French, and British Zones. East is Germany. Berlin split into 4 zones. |
| Truman Doctrine | U.S. doctrine to free people who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure. Meant to stop spread of communism. Led to U.S. giving 400 million dollars to Turkey and Greece to have them resist communism. |
| Marshall Plan | U.S. sent 13 billion dollars to help Europe recover from WWII. Offered assistance to Russia, but Russia turned it down. |
| Berlin Blockade | USSR tried to block supplies coming into West Berlin |
| Berlin Airlift | U.S. sent planes to drop of supplies in West Berlin. "Operation Vittles," June 1948-May 1449, 200,000 flights |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization: U.S., UK, Canada, ect. |
| Warsaw Pact | Stalin forced involvement. 1949-1984. Satellite nations were in it. |
| Kitchen Debate | Vice President Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushnev. Was a cultural exchange, but changed into a communism vs capitalism debate. No winners. |
| Hungarian Uprising | Poland wanted freedom from USSR, so Nikita Khrushnev sent in troops. Was a massacre. |
| Communist, but not a satellite country | Yugoslavia and Albania |
| Korean War | Japan used to control Korea, but it split. U.S provided most military force. President Eisenhower ended war. Created two independent countries and a 2 mile demilitarization zone around the 38th parallel. |
| Sputnik | First satellite in space. Launched 1957 by Russia. |
| NASA | Created by Eisenhower for space race in 1958. |
| Space Race | Race to space by USSR and US started 1955. |
| Atomic Bombs in Russia | Klause Fush leaked US "Fat bomb" blueprint to USSR |
| First Hydrogen Bomb | "Mike" created by US tested Nov 1 1952 |
| First Russian Atomic Bomb test | "First lightning" |
| First Man in Space | Yuril Gagrin in 1961 by USSR |
| Moon Landing | Apollo 11. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldin, Michael Collins. July 16, 1969 by US. |
| U2 spy plane | USSR shot down US spy plane in May 1960. International Crisis. |
| Berlin Wall | Built August 12-13 1961 between East and West Berlin. |
| Bay of Pigs Invasion | Communist Fidel Castro takes over Cuba. Cuban exiles trained by US attempt to take over and fail. |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | USSR puts missiles in Cuba. Both US and USSR remove missiles, but American can't invade Cuba |
| SALT I | Strategic Arms Limitations Talk Agreement. Froze numbers of missiles being made. Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnez. |
| SALT II | More limitations on nuclear weapons and testing. Never signed by US until 1968 |
| SDI/Star Wars | Strategic Defense Initiative; satellites that would shoot nuclear weapons. Ronald Reagan. |
| Fall of Berlin Wall | Nov 9, 1989. People could move freely between East and West Berlin. |
| Detente | "Release from Tension" 1970 relations between USSR and US improved. |
| Proxy Wars | Wars fought between USSR and US indirectly in other countries. |
| NATO Countries | Norway, Iceland, Netherlands, Denmark, UK, Turkey, Spain, Portugal, Italy |
| Neutral Countries | Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Iceland |
| Glasnost | Soviet "openness" in government and economy under Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Perestroika | Soviet Union economic reconstructing. Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Nationalist Movements | Satellite nations wanted to leaver Warsaw Pact |
| August Coup | August 19, 1991; conservative leaders tried to arrest USSR leader Gorbachev. Attempt failed. |
| Boris Yeltsin | Used brutal force against Chechens who wanted a free independent state. |
| Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953, Led during Potsdam Conference, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Blockade, Berlin Airlift, Start of NATO, Start of Korean War. |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | 1953- 1961, Led during End of Korean War, Hungarian Uprising, Creation of Nasa, U-2 Spyplane take down |
| John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963, Led during Bay of Pigs Invasion, Berlin War, Cuban Missile Crisis, |
| Richard Nixon | Vice President during Kitchen Debate. President from 1969-1974. Led during fulling troops ut of Vietnam War, Apollo 11, SALT I |
| Margaret Thatcher | United Kingdom Prime Minister 1964-182. Anti-communist, Iron Lady, Called the "Milk Snatcher" |
| Joseph Stalin | Led during beginning of Cold War and Warsaw Pact. Died 1953 |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Led from 1956-1964, Berlin Wall and Hungarian Uprising |
| Leonid Brezhnev | Led from 1964-1982 |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Resigned December 25, 1991. Last leader of USSR. Glasnost, Perestroika. |
| Erich Honecker | Ran East Germany in 1971 with Stasi (secret police) |
| Christian Democrats | Won first East Germany elections in 1990 and wanted to reunify with West Germany. |
| Day East and West Germany unified | Oct 3, 1990 |
Created by:
Lucile
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