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EOC World Studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Minoans | first European civilization, established on Greek island of Crete |
| Bull leaping | Minoan rite of passage |
| Hoplite | Greek foot soldiers |
| Phalanx | Rectangular battle formation |
| Persian Wars | battles between Greece and Persia, established Greece as a powerful area |
| Battle of Thermopylae | Battle won by Persians in mountain pass |
| Battle of Salamis | naval battle won by Greeks |
| Battle of marathon | key battle won by Greeks |
| Democracy | made in Athens; adult males could vote |
| Athens | democratic, artistic, varied education, strong navy, few rights for women |
| Sparta | militaristic, little education, strong army, greater rights for women |
| Peloponnessian war | battles between Greek city-states won by Sparta, but weakened entire area |
| Alexander the Great | Macedonian king who conquered and most of known world, spread Greek culture |
| Founding of Rome | Founded by Romulus and Remus on April 21, 753 BCE |
| Consul | 2 executive leaders of Roman Republic; served for 1 year |
| Veto | means "I forbid" and could stop passage of laws |
| Forum | Roman marketplace |
| Punic Wars | 3 wars fought between Carthage and Rome |
| Julius Caesar | general who conquered Gaul and Egypt, asked to be voted dictator for life, killed by senate |
| Augustus | first emperor of Rome, defeated Marc Antony, once called Octavian, ruled for over 40 years |
| Jesus Christ | born and lived in Roman province of Judea |
| Pontius Pilate | ordered Jesus to be crucified |
| Constantine | first Christian emperor of Rome |
| Rise of Christianity | Christian message had much to offer in Roman world; Christianity was similar to other religions, Christianity filled human need to belong |
| Fall of Roman Empire | spread of Christianity, lead poisoning, plague, poor leadership |
| Barbarians | foreign tribes |
| Feudalism | system of protection for services in response to threat of barbarians |
| Castles | first castles were called motte and bailey, walls could be 20 ft at base, stopped being made after gunpowder was invented, first built in 9-10th century |
| Knights | Armor weighed up to 90 pounds, lived by code known as chivalry |
| Chivalry | Code knights lived by (humility, courage, gratitude, justice, etc.) |
| Guilds | groups of craftsmen that formed to promote their economic interests with certain rules (no sharing secrets, no advertising, etc.) |
| Pilgrimages | walking to a holy site to be forgiven for your sins |
| Crusades | religious wars to recapture holy lands |
| Black Plague | European epidemic mid 1300's |
| Humanism | belief that all humans have self-worth and can enjoy life |
| Ferdinand Magellan | crew first circumnavigated the globe |
| Bartolomeu Dias | sailed around Cape of Good Hope |
| Francis Drake | first English sailor to circumnavigate the globe |
| Christopher Columbus | discovered the "New World" |
| Circumnavigation | to completely sail around the globe |
| Advances in art | chiaroscuro (contrasting light and dark), stfumato (blending for depth), and foreshortening (unique perspective) |
| Leonardo da Vinci | artist, scientist, and inventor that painted Mona Lisa and Last Supper |
| Protestant Reformation | events where different groups broke away from the church and formed their own Christian religions |
| Sale of indulgences | when the Catholic Church would forgive your sins for money |
| Theocracy | government run by a religious group |
| Henry VIII | English king that broke away from the Catholic Church because they wouldn't grant him a divorce |
| Martin Luther | German monk that questioned the Catholic Church and made the 95 theses |
| Absolutism | belief that a monarch had complete and absolute power |
| Divine right of kings | belief that a monarch was chosen by god and answers only to him |
| Causes of the French Revolution | France was in debt, commoners did not have enough rights, people were not happy with the direction the country was going |
| 1st estate | clergy, 1% of population, owned 10% of land, paid little taxes |
| 2nd estate | nobility, 3% of population, owed 80% of land, paid no taxes |
| 3rd estate | commoners, 96% of population owed 10% of land (bourgeois, city workers, peasants) |
| Estates-general | meeting called by Louis XVI to solve France's financial crisis; began on May 5, 1789 |
| Louis XVI | married Marie-Antoinette, 4 children, weak ruler who believed in absolutism, king when French Monarchy ended |
| Marie-Antoinette | wife of Louis XVI, came from Australia, uncontrollable spending, not well-liked by French |
| Storming of the Bastille | mob of workers who torn down a French prison looking for weapons to defend themselves against king's army; July 14, 1789 |
| Great Fear | July 20-August 5 1789; peasants believed there was a plot to starve them; attacked churches and nobility in France |
| Versailles | palace outside of Paris |
| Reign of Terror | September 15-July 28 1794; time when people who were thought to be against the revolution were arrested and executed |
| Guillotine | execution device used during Reign of Terror, known as National Razor |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | successful French military leader that was exiled twice |
Created by:
lukepfiester
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