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Rad Bio chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biologic responses that occur relatively soon after receiving a high dose of ionizing radiation | early effects |
| effects on body; damage depends on absorbed dose | somatic effect |
| what does the word "soma" come from? | Greeks |
| effects on future generations; irradiation of germ cells | genetic |
| a point at which reactions begin to appear and below which they are absent | threshold |
| shedding of the outer later of the skin | desquamation |
| aka radiation sickness | acute radiation syndrome (ARS) |
| how many grays does it take for ARS to occur? | 6 grays |
| what are the 3 dose related syndomes | hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular syndromes |
| what is the most sensitive vital organ? | hematopoietic |
| what is hematopoietic syndrome also known as? | bone marrow syndrome |
| how many grays does it take to induce hematopoietic syndrome? | 1-10 grays |
| how many weeks does it take for the body to recover from hematopoietic syndrome? | 3 weeks to 6 months |
| what occurs with hematopoietic syndrome? | decrease in RBCs, WBCs, & platelets could bleed out or become anemic body susceptible to infection & hemorrhage death in 6-8 weeks (without medical support) |
| how many grays does it take to induce gastrointestinal syndrome? | 6-10 grays |
| what is damaged with gastrointestinal syndrome? | damage to the epithelial lining of the GI tract (predominately in the small intestine) |
| death can occur in how many days with gastrointestinal syndrome? | 3-10 days |
| how many grays does it take to induce cerebrovascular syndrome? | 50 grays |
| what is damaged in cerebrovascular syndrome? | damage to small vessels in the brain which can lead to leaking of CSF into the brain resulting in increased intracranial pressure |
| death can occur in how many days with cerebrovascular syndrome? | within a few hours to 2-3 days |
| stages of acute radiation syndrome? (1-3 Gy) | 1. prenominal/initial stage 2. latent period 3. manifest illness 4. recovery or death |
| symptomatic in a few hours after exposure and last for a few days | prenominal/initial stage |
| lasts about a week & all symptoms go away | latent period |
| symptoms come back even worse | manifest illness |
| how many people died from the explosion of the Chernobyl power plant? | 444 people |
| how many hospitalized? | 203 people |
| how high was the radioactive plume from Chernobyl? | 3 miles |
| What did they die from? | whole body dose of 6 gray or more |
| when can chromosomes be evaluated? | during mitosis |
| damage to tissues used to estimate radiation dose? | biologic dosimetry |
| lethal dose? | LD 30/50 |
| what does LD 30/50 signify? | Signifies the whole-body dose of radiation that can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days (estimated 3-4 Gy for adult humans) |
| o Approximately ____ of the radiation induced damage will be irreparable whereas the remaining ____ may be repaired over time | 10%; 90% |
| what does organ and tissue response to radiation exposure depend on? | radiosensitivity, reproductive characteristics, & growth rate |
| what tissues suffer immediate consequences from high radiation doses? | skin, reproductive organs, & bone marrow |
| 3 layers of skin? | epidermis (outer) , dermis (middle), & hypodermis (subcutaneous) |
| what percent of the skin turns over each day? | 2% |
| how many grays does it take to cause skin erythema within 24-48 hours? | 2 grays |
| accessory structures of the skin include: | hair follicles sensory receptors sebaceous glands sweat glands |
| causes cancerous lesions & desquamation | radiodermatitis |
| exposure to follicles (temporary or permanent) | epilation or loss of hair (alopecia) |
| used to treat ringworm; can cause alopecia of scalp (10-20 kVp) | Grenz Rays |
| radiation therapy treatment; demonstrates significant evidence of skin damage | oncology patients |
| over extended periods of time can cause significant effects on the skin | Cardiovascular or therapeutic interventional procedures that use high-level fluoroscopy |
| Gonadal dose that can depress the male sperm populations or cause a genetic mutation in future generations | 0.1 Gy |
| Gonadal dose that may delay or suppress menstruation in the female | 0.1 Gy |
| development of male germ cells? | Spermatogonia --> spermatocyte --> spermatid --> sperm |
| development of female germ cells? | Primordial follicle --> mature follicle -->corpus luteum --> ovum |
| how many grays can produce hematologic depression? | 0.25 Gy |
| study of cell genetics with emphasis on cell chromosomes | cytogenetics |
| chromosome map; consists of a photograph of the nucleus | karyotype |
| phase of cell division in which chromosome damage caused by radiation can be evaluated? | metaphase |
Created by:
gnteumac
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