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UNIT III - CARBOHYDR

CARBOHYDRATES

QuestionAnswer
1. They are a major food source and a key form of energy for most organisms Carbohydrates
2. It means containing several alcohol groups Polyhydroxy
3. What are the elements that contains carbohydrates? Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
4. What are the three major categories of carbohydrates? Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
5. Carbohydrates are formed by ______ with the _______ take from the air and water from photosynthesis Plants, carbon dioxide
6. These are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures that mirror images of one another Stereoisomers
7. It is a type of isomer where the order of the atoms in the two molecules is the same but their arrangement in space is different. Stereoisomers
8. A molecule is _____ if it is not superimposable on its mirror image. This means that none of its conformations (out of the infinite number of them) has a plane of symmetry through it. Chiral
9. These are two molecules with the same configuration but different conformation Conformational isomers
10. These are mirror images of chiral molecules Enantiomers
11. These are stereoisomers that are not conformers or enantiomers. These are not mirror images of one another and are non-superimposable on one another. Diastereomers
12. A molecule can be chiral and have one or more chiral centers. TRUE
13. Meso molecules do not have enantiomers (since they are identical to their mirror image), but they can have diastereomers. TRUE
14. Are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose Monosaccharides
15. If the sugar has an aldehyde group, it is known as an _____ Aldose
16. If the sugar has a ketone group, it is known as an _____ Ketose
17. What is the chemical formula of Glucose? C6H12O6
18. Is a five-carbon simple sugar containing an aldehyde group? Aldopentose
19. Is a six-carbon simple sugar containing a ketone group? Ketohexose
20. Is a three-carbon simple sugar? Trioses
21. They are formed during the metabolic breakdown of hexoses in muscle metabolism Trioses
22. These are four-carbon sugars. Tetroses
23. These are five-carbon sugar molecules Pentoses
24. is an intermediary in the pentose phosphate shunt D- ribulose (C5H10O5 )
25. It is found in the heart muscle D-lyxose
26. These are components of glycoproteins D-xylose and D- arabinose
27. These are six-carbon sugars that are the most common of all carbohydrates Hexoses
28. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar and is found normally in blood stream and in tissue fluids Glucose
29. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and insoluble in most organic liquids. Glucose
30. It is the presence of glucose in urine. Glycosuria
31. It is an isomer of glucose also an aldohexose. Galactose
32. Two sugars that differ only in the configuration about a single carbon atom Epimers
33. It is the inability of the infants to metabolize galactose because of the deficiency of either enzyme Galactosemia
34. Is a ketohexose often called levulose or fruit sugar? Fructose
35. It occurs naturally in fruit juices and honey And is the most soluble and the sweetest among the sugar. Fructose
36. How many percent does fructose sweeter than glucose? 75 percent
37. Fructose intolerance, is an inherited disease due to deficiency of the enzyme Fructose 1-Phosphate aldolase. Fructosemia
38. It is form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction Disaccharides
39. It is fairly soluble and Lactose is only slightly soluble. Maltose
40. This is the most common disaccharides that is very soluble in water, which is composed of the monomers glucose and fructose. Sucrose
41. A covalent bond formed between a carbohydrate molecule and another molecule is known as ___ Glycosidic bond
42. It is disaccharide consisting of the monomers glucose and galactose and is found naturally in milk Lactose
43. It is a disaccharide formed by a dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules Maltose or malt sugar
44. These are complex sugar and are Polymers of monosaccharides Polysaccharides
45. It is a major component if tough cell walls that surround plant cells, and is what makes plant stems, leaves, and branches so strong. Cellulose
46. It is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as energy storage. Starch
47. It is a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria. It is mainly stored in in the liver and muscles cells. Glycogen
48. A tough, semitransparent substance that is the main component of the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as the shells of crustaceans and the outer coverings of insects Chitin
49. It is also found in the cell walls of certain fungi and algae. Chitin
50. These are highly compact polymers that are used for energy storage. Starch and glycogen
51. These are linear polymers that are used for structural support in plants and animals, respectively. Cellulose and chitin
Created by: nivera00
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