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biology
cells, life functions, (nphs high)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the nitrogen base found in DNA but NOT RNA is | Thymine |
| Lipids are different from other macromolecules because they | are hydrophobic and don’t dissolve in water |
| Glycogen, cellulose, and starch are all | polysaccharides |
| Which 2 kinds of molecules combine to form cell membranes? | phospholipids and proteins |
| Which part of a phospholipid molecule is NON-POLAR & HYDROPHOBIC? | the lipid “tails” |
| The process by which organisms take in food and break it down so that is can be used for energy. | nutrition |
| The chemical combining of simple substances to make more complex substances. | synthesis |
| The process by which substances move into or out of cells or are distributed within the cell. | transport |
| The condition of a stable internal environment. | homeostasis |
| Taking ready made food molecules from the environment. | heterotrophic nutrition |
| The process of converting food molecules into a more usable form of energy. | respiration |
| The elimination of undigested food. | egestion |
| The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells. | metabolism |
| All the activities that help to maintain an organism’s homeostasis; ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment. | regulation |
| An increase in cell number or cell size. | growth |
| The removal of cellular wastes that result from chemical reactions. | excretion |
| The process by which living things make new organisms of their own kind. | reproduction |
| Using inorganic chemicals to make organic molecules. | chemosynthesis |
| The study of life and all of its functions and processes. | biology |
| The taking in of food to use it as energy. | metabolism |
| Explain the difference between Heterotrophic Nutrition and Autotrophic Nutrition. | Hetrophoric nutrition is taking ready made food molecules from the enviorment and autotrophic is taking simple inorganic molecules from the enviorment and coverting them into foods |
| Distinguish the difference between Metabolism and homeostasis. | Metabolism is the entiere set of a chemical reactions within the cell of an organism. Homeostasis is having a stable equilibruim between elements |
| Whats the difference between excretion and egestion | Excretion is the removal of toxic materials, Egestion is the passing out of undigested food |
| Is reproduction essential or nonessential for an organism to survive. | Reproduction is nonessential in order for the organism to survive but in order for the organisms specices to continue reproduction is essential |
| Is DNA single or double stranded | double |
| Which Nitrogen bases does DNA contain? | adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine |
| Which Sugar does DNA contain? | Deoxyribose |
| Whats DNAs functions? | Protiens, regulation, metabolism, reproduction of cells |
| Is RNA single or double stranded | Single |
| Which Nitrogen bases does RNA contain? | Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil |
| Which Sugar does RNA contain? | Ribose |
| Whats RNAs functions? | Converts the info stored in DNA protiens |
| Protein hormone that tells animal cells to store blood glucose as glycogen | Insulin |
| Protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body | Hemoblobin |
| Membrane protein with carbohydrates attached that helps cells identify “self” and plays a role in blood types, organ transplants, and germ recognition | Glycoprotien |
| Macromolecule with a polar glycerol/phosphate “head” and 2 non-polar hydrophobic “tails” used to make cell membranes | phospholipids |
| Storage form of glucose used by plant cells | starch |
| Storage form of glucose used by animal cells | glycogen |
| Structural polysaccharide made from glucose subunits that makes plants sturdy | cellulose |
| Nucleotide subunit made from ribose sugar, adenine, and 3 phosphates which stores and transports ENERGY in cells | (ATP) Adenosine Triphosphate |
| Polar molecule made from 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms that is required by all living things | Water |
| Reactants in an enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction are called | Substances |
| Macromolecule that can act as enzymes are | Proteins |
| Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by | decreasing the activation energy |
| Enzymes are | unchanged during chemical reactions and reusable |
| Name two (2) environmental conditions that can cause proteins (enzymes) to change their shape. | High Tempature, PH |
| Many genetic diseases result from the production of enzymes that are not shaped correctly. How does changing in an enzyme’s shape cause it to work poorly or not at all? | It can no longer connect at the active sight. |
| DNA polymerase is a molecule found in all cells. Judging by its name, do you think it is an enzyme? YES NO HOW CAN YOU TELL? | Yes and I can tell because all enzymes end in -ase or -ise |
| Hydrophobic fats, oils, waxes, & steroids made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms in long chains or multiple rings | Lipids |
| how many sugars does Monosaccarides have and what are three examples | one sugar and gluclose, fructose, galactose |
| how many sugars does polysaccarides have and what are three examples | 2 or more sugars, starch, glycogen, cellulose. |
| Functions of Carbohydrates | Providing energy, break down of fatty acids |
| Functions of nucleic acids | main info carrying molecules of the cell, storing genetic information |
| Functions of Lipids | Serve as structural componets of cell membranes, Functions as energy store houses, important signaling molecules. |
| Functions of Protiens | Structural protiens, transport, hormonal, receptor, defensive. |
| any of a large class of chemical compounds | organic compound |
| Besides carbon, name 3 other elements that make up most organic compounds. | Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| Carbon dioxide, CO 2 , is NOT an organic compound. Explain why. | Its missing hydrogen |
| What reaction is used to breakdown polymers? Is water added or removed? How does this compare to dehydration synthesis? | hydrolysis and DS removes water |
| In what ratio are hydrogen & oxygen atoms in carbohydrates? | 2:1 H2O |
| In what 3 forms do carbohydrates exist? | Monosaccarides, dissaccrides, polysaccrides |
| Because all 3 simple sugars have the same chemical formula, but different structural formulas, they are called _______________. | Isomers |
| What are double sugars called? Name & describe the process that forms them. | Disarccrides formed by a condensation from 2 monomers. Condensation involves the loss of of a water molecule to form a bond. |
| What chemical reaction formed these large molecules? What reaction would be needed to break these molecules? | Form: glycosidic Unform: hydrolysis |
| Compared to carbohydrates, what is true about the ratio of carbon & hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms? | Lipids have the higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms to oxygen than carbohydrates |
| Describe the shape of a lipid. | linear |
| Name the 3 groups of complex lipids. | Phospholipids glycolipids,tryciporides |
| What are the 4 main elements making up proteins? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
| What are the monomers of proteins called? How many are there? | Amino Acids there are 20 of them. |
| The main difference among amino acids is their ___________ group. | R group (Ratical) |
| How does a dipeptide form? | when the amino acids join together by one peptide bond |
| Give the name & abbreviation for 2 nucleic acids found in cells. | DNA, RNA |
| Why might a lysosome fuse with or link up with a food vacuole? | Lysome contains digestive enzymes |
| In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies? What is a centriole? | Golgi complex, and a centerole is a set of microtubles |
| Cell wall plant or animal or both | both |
| Chlorophlast animal plant or both | plant |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum plant or animal or both | animal |
| Cytoplasm plant or animal or both | both |
| Microtubles plant or animal or both | both |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum plant or animal or both | both |
| Golgi Apparatus plant or animal or both | both |
| Lysosome plant or animal or both | both |
| Mitochondria plant or animal or both | both |
| Nucleolus plant or animal or both | both |
| Nucleus plant or animal or both | both |
| Nuclear membrane plant or animal or both | both |
| Cell membrane plant or animal or both | Animal |
| Central vacuole plant or animal or both | plant |
| Ribosome plant or animal or both | both |
| Vacuole plant or animal or both | both |
| Are bacteria PROKARYOTES or EUKARYOTES? | Prokaryotes |
| Are fungi, plants, and animals PROKARYOTES or EUKARYOTES? | Eukaryotes |
| What are two organelles that all cells (prokaryotes AND eukaryotes) have? | Cell membrane and ribosomes |
| What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? | Eukarytes have a membrane bound nucleus but prokaryotes dont |
| In what organelle does cellular respiration take place? | mitochondrion |
| Name two storage organelles? | vesicles and vacuoles |
| What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis? | nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, er transports golgi |
| How is the nucleus involved in protein synthesis? | nucleus has instructions for making protiens and the nucleus is the home of the nucleous that makes ribosomes that make protiens. |
| What organelle is considered a “factory”, because it takes in raw materials and converts them to cell products that can be used by the cell? | chlorophlasts |
| How does the membrane of the cell differ from the nuclear membrane? What advantages does this difference have for the nucleus? | cell membrane protext the cell and the nucleus protects the nucleous. |
| What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? OR are they found attached to another organelle? OR both. Explain why this occurs. | ribosomes float free and they make protiens that are used inside the cell |
| What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? | produces protiens for the rest of the cell |
| What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome? | They are membrane bound organelles that contain about fifty different enzyems |
| At what level of organization does life begin? | cell |
| What surrounds all cells? | cell membrane |
| What is meant by semipermeable? | only certain things can go through it |
| The cell membrane is also called the | plasma membrane |
| What additional layer is found Ground the outside of plant cells and bacteria? | cell wall |
| centrioles are found at the center of the | centrosome |
| Where is DNA found inside a cell? | nucleus |
| What cell process is controlled by the nucleus? | protien synthesis |
| DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible | chromosones |
| Where are organelles located? | cytoplasm |
| Where are proteins made in a cell? | ribosomes |
| Do all cells need ribosomes? | yes |
| What process takes place inside chioroplasts? | photosynthesis |
| How does rough ER differ from smooth ER? | same membranes different shapes |
| Give 3 jobs for smooth ER. | 1. makes protiens and lipids 2. controls muscle and calcium levels 3. detoxifies poisions, alchohol and, drugs |
| What pigment traps the energy? | chlorophil |
| Chloroplasts are found in what type of cell(s)? | plant and alge |
| The largest organelle in plants is the | cenralvacuole |
| Stores material within the cell | vacuoles |
| Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell | nucleus |
| Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria | lysosomes |
| Surrounds the nucleus and controls what enters and exits the nucleus | nuclear membrane |
| Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protests | cell wall |
| Produces a usable form of energy for the cell | mitocondria |
| Packages proteins for transport out of the cell | golgi body |
| Assembles some components of the cell membrane; synthesizes lipids | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Site where ribosomes are made | nucleus |
| Provides support for the cell and controls what goes in and out of the cell | cell membrane |
| Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell and tracks for organelles to move on | microtubles |
| Jelly-like fluid inside the cell membrane | cytoplasm |
| Assembles some components of the cell membrane; modifies proteins; has ribosomes attached to it | rough er |
| Small organelle that assists with cell division | centrioles |
Created by:
vmajor
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