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PrincipleMod 6

Questions from Module 6 of the Principles component

QuestionAnswer
Name the three layers of the heart from superficial to deep. pericardium, myocardium,endocardium
Describe the pericardium. Hyperechoic, thin, outermost layer of the heart
Describe the myocardium. Middle layer, makes up the bulk of the muscle mass of the heart
Describe the endocardium. Thin, innermost layer of the heart, made of epithelial tissue
Describe the tricuspid valve. Seperates the RA from the RV,found between the RA and RVIT, open during diastole and closed during systole,leaflets are anterior, posterior, and septal.
Describe the pulmonary valve. A semilunar valve, between the RVOT and the PA, closed during diastole, open during systole, leaflets are right, left, and anterior,
Describe the mitral valve. Bicuspid, found between the LA and LVIT, open during diastole, closed during systole, leaflets are posterior and anterior (anterior is adjacent to aortic opening).
Describe the aortic valve. A semilunar valve, found between the LVOT and the Ao, closed during diastole, open during systole, leaflets are right, left, and NCC.
Name the leaflets of the tricuspid valve anterior, posterior, and septal
Name the leaflets of the pulmonic valve right, left, and anterior
Name the leaflets of the mitral valve anterior and posterior
Name the leaflets of the aortic valve right, left, and NNC
What happens during diastole ventricles relax, lower pressure opens the AV valves and gravity pulls blood from the atria into the ventricles, atria contract, semilunar valves are closed
What happens during systole AV valves close, ventricles contract, semilunar valves open, blood is forced out of the ventricles, atria relax and fill with blood
On ECG, what does the P, QRS, and T wave represent? P wave = atria contractQRS wave = ventricles contract (atria relax during this interval)T wave = ventricles relax
What is the moderator band? It is a thick, muscular band containing nerve fibers located in the apical portion of the RV connecting the anterior freewall to the septal wall.
Trace the path of the blood through the heart RA, TV, RVIT, RV, RVOT, PV, PA, lungs, Pulmonary veins, LA, MV, LVIT, LV, LVOT, AV
Sequence the five components of the electrical conduction system of the heart SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, Left and Right bundle branches, purkinje fibers
Describe the patient position and location of the parasternal window Patient is LLD and Tx is placed just lateral to the sternum between the 3rd and 5th intercostal space
Describe the patient position and location of the apical window Patient is LLD and the Tx is placed inferior to and lateral to the left breast or nipple, at the PMI or apex of the heart
Describe the patient position and location of the subcostal window Patient is supine with knees bent and the Tx is placed near the midline, inferior to the xiphoid process
Describe the patient position and location of the suprasternal window Patient is supine with head arched back and the Tx is placed superior to the suprasternal notch
What structures can be seen in PLAX of the LVIT and LVOT From anterior to posterior: RV; IVS; LV with LVOT, AV, and Ao; MV and LA
What structures can be seen in PSAX at the level of PPM RV, LV, LVPW, IVS, posteromedial and anterolateral ppm
What structures can be seen in PSAX apical RV and LV, IVS, LV walls
What structures can be seen in PSAX at the level of MV MV, basal portion of the LV walls, IVS, RV
What structures can be seen in PSAX at the level of AV AV, LA, IAS, RA, TV, RV, PV RVOT, PV, PA
What structures can be seen in PSAX at the level of the Pulmonary branch Main PA, RPA, LPA, PV, RVOT, AV (sometimes the TV and RA)
Name the 5 levels of PSAX view Apical, PPM, MV, AV, and Pulmonary branching
What structures can be seen in the apical four chamber view? RA, RV, LA, LV, IVS, TV, MV
What structures can be seen in the apical five chamber view? RA, RV, LA, LV, IVS, TV, MV, AV (aortic root)
What structures can be seen in the apical LAX LVIT? LA, MV, LV, LVIT, LVPW
What structures can be seen in the apical LAX LVOT? LA, MV, LV, LVOT, AV, Ao, RV, LVPW
What structures can be seen in the subcostal 4 chamber view? RA, TV, RV, LA, MV, LV, IVS(liver)
What structures can be seen in the subcostal SAX at the RVOT LA, IAS, RA, TV, RV, RVOT, PV, PA, Ao (liver, possibly AV)
What structures can be seen in the supersternal LAX ascending Ao, aortic arch, descending Ao, brachiocephalic trunk, Left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, right PA
What structures can be seen in the supersternal SAX Ao, PA, LPA, RPA, SVC, RA
Name and describe the three portions of the left ventricular wall The basal portion is the superior third of the ventricular wall; the septal (mid) portion is the middle third of the VW; the apical is the inferior third of the VW.
Describe the type of information the Doppler study contributes to a cardiac ultrasound examination Qualitative: presence of flow (direction?)Quantitative: taking measurements, velocities, etc.
Differentiate a Doppler wavefore of the AV and MV AV: below the line, one waveMV: above the line, two waves (a larger e wave and a smaller a wave)
Identify the components of the MV doppler waveform and what they represent D:end of systole, open MV; E: Max leaflet motion, early filling; F: Ventricular relaxation, partial MV closure; A: atrial contraction, late filling; C: MV closure, beginning of systole
What does a B wave in an MV Doppler waveform represent? found between A and C wave, seen with high pressure
Created by: sbeard1
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