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Edward II

Why did Edward II lose the Battle of Bannockburn?

LabelElaboration
Roads The Scots sabotaged the roads before the battle, making it harder for the English, and making an already long and hard journey more gruelling.
English exhaustion Stirling Castle was an important stronghold and it was under siege. Edward II couldn't let it fall, so he pushed his army to arrive in time, exhausting them, especially considering the sabotaged roads.
Robert the Bruce He was the leader of the Scottish and was skilled and inspiring. He had strength, determination and good tactics.
Edward II In contrast to Robert the Bruce, Edward II was weak, unpopular and inexperienced. The army was lacking in leadership and Edward hadn't the strength of will to keep them in line.
Thomas of Lancaster He was a baron and could have raised lots more troops to fight for Edward, but stayed away due to his squabbles with the king, leading other nobles to do the same and refuse to send more than the bare minimum of troops.
Terrain The ground was marshy, which the Scots knew. It lessened the cavalry charges the English relied on, and weakened advances. The Scots could also afford to wait for the English as they had Stirling Castle under siege.
Scottish tactics The English were relying on their numbers and their men-at-arms. However, infantry with spears and bows could hold off and even defeat the charges of the men-at-arms.
Scottish tactics 2 Tightly packed formations of Scottish spearmen (schiltrons) defeated charges and broke the core of the English army. The English archers were also at the back of the army and used ineffectively.
King's cowardice Edward's horse was killed under him. Instead of finding a new horse or commanding from foot, he fled in his panic. Seeing their king run away caused the English to break, allowing the Scots to seize victory.
Created by: Caoimhe Osborne
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