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RADT 2043 Chapter 11
Patient Care for Urologic Procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is cystography? | Radiographic imaging of the urinary bladder |
| What is a cystoscope? | An instrument used for examining the urinary bladder and ureters that is equipped with a light, a viewing obturator, and a lumen for passing catheters |
| What is incontinence? | The inability to refrain from yielding to the normal impulse to defecate or urinate |
| What is lithotomy position? | A posture in which the knees are flexed and the thighs abducted and rotated externally |
| What is the penoscrotal junction? | The area of the male penis that meets the scrotum |
| What does perineal refer to? | Pertaining to the area between the anus and the scrotum in the male and the vulva and the anus in the female |
| What is reflux? | Backward flow; usually unnatural, as when urine travels back up the ureter |
| What is retrograde? | Moving in the direction that is the opposite of what is normal |
| What is a sphincter? | A circular band of muscle constricting an orifice, which contracts to close the opening |
| What is a ureteral catheter? | A firm catheter inserted into the ureter attached to a cystoscope |
| What does it mean to void? | The action of empting the urine from the bladder. |
| What is the most common nosocomial infection? | Urinary tract infections (UTIs) |
| What are common causes of UTIs? | poor infection control practices |
| What is catheterization? | the insertion of a plastic, silicone, or rubber tube through the urethral meatus into the urinary bladder. |
| Why are catheters inserted? | to keep bladder empty while other tissues heal; to drain, irrigate or instill medication; to assist incontinent patients with urinary flow; to begin bladder retraining; to diagnose disease, malformation, or injury of the bladder. |
| What are the three urologic procedures that commonly use radiographic imaging? | Cystography, retrograde pyelography, and placement of ureteral stents. |
| The urinary bladder is _______? | Sterile |
| How can infection or injury result when placing a catheter? | When the technique used in the performance of catheterization is poor |
| Catheterization cannot be performed without what? | A specific order from the physician |
| Who usually does catheterization on male patients? On female patients? | Male technologists; Female technologists. Or the Radiology nurse assigned. |
| What is a straight catheter used for? | To obtain a specimen or to empty the bladder and then is removed. |
| What is an indwelling catheter used for? | Left in place for continuous urine drainage. |
| What equipment is used to perform catheterization? | Straight/ indwelling catheter; antiseptic solution; water-soluble lubricant; sterile gloves; sterile drape; sterile forceps- cotton balls; closed drainage system set indwelling catheter; receptacle for draining urine straight catheter; specimen bottle. |
| What is the antiseptic solution most commonly used? | povidone-iodine solution |
| A straight catheter has how many lumens? | One/Single |
| Indwelling catheters have what characteristics? | A dual lumen with an inflatable balloon at one end. |
| What is the balloon used for? | Holding the catheter in place after it has been inserted. |
| What are the characteristics of an Alcock catheter? | Three lumens where the third allows irrigation solution for patients in need of continuous bladder irrigation. |
| How long is the female urethra? | 1.5 to 2 inches |
| Whose urethra is smaller in diameter, females or males? | females |
| What is the size of catheter commonly used for females? | 14F |
| What is the size of catheter commonly used for males? | 20F |
| What is another name for the lithotomy position? | dorsal recumbent |
| Is catheterization commonly done by radiographers today? | No |
| What needs to be done if perineum is soiled? | Clean it with soap, wash clothes and warm water. |
| What is a fenestrated drape? | |
| Why would a syringe be attached to the catheter before insertion of the indwelling catheter? | To test the balloon |
| What is the water-soluble lubricant applied to? | The tip of the catheter about 0.5 inch. |
| How do you know that the catheter has made it past the sphincter and into the bladder? | Urine will begin to flow from the catheter |
| Why would someone tug on the indwelling catheter after it has been placed? | To ensure that it will be retained and to seat the balloon in the correct place. |
| If a catheter will be in place for some time, what should be done? | It should be taped to the inner thigh so that it does not become dislodged. |
| How long is the male urethra? | 5.5 to 7 inches |
| How far should the catheter be lubricated for male patients? | About 7 inches. |
| What relaxes the sphincter in a male? | Bearing down. |
| Why would someone extend the penis forward and upward? | To straighten the urethra and make the catheter easier to insert. |
| Where can the catheter be taped for males? | On the lower abdomen with the penis directed towards the patient's chest. |
| What do you need in order to remove a catheter? | A physicians order. |
| What is important to remember when removing an indwelling catheter? | Deflate the balloon! |
| Who should be the only person that attempts to catheterize a pediatric patient? | The most experienced nurse or radiographer. |
| What is the size of diameter of catheter for a pediatric patient? | 5F or 8F |
| The drainage bag from an indwelling catheter must be placed at what level? | Below the level of the urinary bladder |
| The radiographer should never disconnect what? | The catheter from the closed drainage system, nor should the drainage bag be emptied. |
| What could cause reflux of urine into the bladder? | Placing the drainage bag on the lap or abdomen during transport. |
| What is a suprapubic catheter? | A catheter that is placed into the bladder by means of an abdominal incision. |
| What is a condom or Texas catheter? | An externally applied drainage device used for male patients that are susceptible to UTIs or are incontinent or comatose. |
| How should the perineal area be wiped to prevent a possible UTI? | From front to back. |
| What are some types of cystographic procedures would be seen in radiography department? | cystourethrography; voiding cystography; voiding cystourethrography. |
| What kind of contrast is used for cystography? | An iodinated contrast medium |
| What is retrograde pyelography? | A radiographic technique performed to visualize the proximal ureters and the kidneys after the injection of an iodinated contrast medium. Usually checking to assess the ureters for obstruction. |
| What is a ureteral stent usually made of? | Silicone |
| Why would a ureteral stent be placed? | Because of a stricture, edema, or advanced malignant tumor. |
| What is hematoria? | blood in the urine |
| What does coude refer to? | Catheter tip goes up and goes in the same sweep as the urethra. |
| What is the best way to prevent a UTI from urinary catheter placement? | Don't place one! |
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Cjenki10
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