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Cell Vocabulary

MS.Jarret

TermDefinition
Cell the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
Cell theory that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Organelle any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
Organism an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form
Cytology the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells.
Nucleus a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
Diffusion the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
Osmosis when a substance crosses a semipermeable membrane in order to balance the concentrations of another substance.
Active Trasnport the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Phagocytosis phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles
Pinocytosis the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
Semi-permeable allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others, especially allowing the passage of a solvent but not of certain solutes.
Mitochondria a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
Ribosomes a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
Cell Wall an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.
Viruses a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Centrioles a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Chloroplasts a principal taxonomic category that ranks above class and below kingdom.
Phylum a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Created by: Mchicken
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