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Sci Rev 16 & 17th ce
Scientific Revolution in the 16th & 17th Centuries Chp 14 in The Western Heritag
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Scientific Revolution | A process that established a new view of the universe. Not "new science" but a reexamining of old science |
On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres | Nicolaus Copernicus |
The Ptolemaic System | Combination of mathmatical astronomy of Ptolemy and physical cosmetology of Aristotle. Geocentric |
The Ptolemaic Model | A planet moved uniformly around a small circle (epicycle), and the center of the epicycle moved uniformally around a larger circle (deferent), with Earth at or near the center |
Copernicus's Universe | Heliocentric. Still had epicycles but they were smalller. |
Tycho Brahe | Mercury and Venus circle sun and sun, moon, and other planets orbit earth. Produced accurate data by using tools. |
Johannes Kepler | Brahe's assisstant. Took possession of Brahe's data. Heliocentric model, but abandoned circular components of Copernicus's model, especially epicycles. Discovered elliptical path of planets |
The New Astronomy | Johannes Kepler |
Galileo Galilei | Found new evidence supporting Copernicus |
Starry Messenger | Galileo |
Letters on Sunspots | Galileo |
Isaac Newton | The Laws of Gravitation |
Principia Mathematica | Isaac Newton |
Mechanism | Sought to explain the world in terms of mechanical mataphors |
Empiricism | Experimentation in science |
The Empirical Method | Francis Bacon |
The Advancement of Learning | Francis Bacon |
Novum Organum | Bacon |
The New Atlantis | Bacon |
Rene Descartes | Invented analytic geometry and deduction. |
Discourse on Method | Rene Descartes |
Scientific Induction | Scientists draw generalizations derived from and test hypotheses against empirical observations. |
Thomas Hobbes | Humans are evil and seek only to serve themselves. Absolute rule. |
Leviathan | Hobbes |
John Locke | Moderate liberty and toleration. |
First and Second Treatise of Government | Locke |
Letter Concerning Toleration | Locke |
Essay Concerning Human Understanding | Locke |
Margaret Cavendish | Woman natural philosopher and writer. 1st and only woman to be allowed to visit a meeting of the Royal Society of London in the 17th century. |
Maria Winkelmann | Worked with her husband, discovered a comet. |
Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy | Cavendish |
Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World | Cavendish |
Newtonianism for Ladies | Francesco Algarotti |
Emilie du Chatelet | Aided Voltaire in his book on Newtonian science |
Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems | Galileo- the book that led to his arrest |
Blais Pascal | Tried to reconcile faith and new science |
Pensees (Thoughts) | Pascal |
Physico-theology | The religious thought associated with deducing of religious conclusions from nature |
Baroque | Covered natural objests in a surrealisic way. |
Michelangelo Caravaggio | Devoted to picturing sharp contrasts between dark and light. |
Louis LeNain | Painted peasants |
Gian Lorenzo Bernini | St. Peter's Basilica |
Peter Paul Rubens | Leading Baroque religious painter |
Versailles | Interior covered with Baroque art |