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Resp Pathogens

Microbiology

QuestionAnswer
In upper resp tract, which organisms are pathogens? Same as normal flora
Notable exceptions in upper resp (these are never UR pathogens) nonmeningitis species of Neisseria; diphtheroids (nonpathogenic species of Corynebacterium); nonhemolytic Streptococcus species
Reasons for disease in upper respiratory tract Intro into sterile sites (middle ear, sinuses, bronchi) in large numbers; No antibody to M protein (Grp A strep = 30 diff M proteins); Transient colonization; Predisposing factors (preceding viral infection; allergy; smoking)
Viral UR pathogens assoc with common cold rhinovirus, coronavirus
Viral UR pathogens assoc with conjunctivitis, keratitis adenovirus, HSV
Viral UR pathogens assoc with influenza influenza A and B
Viral UR pathogens assoc with croup parainfluenza
Viral UR pathogens assoc with otitis media adenovirus,rhinovirus
Viral UR pathogens assoc with pharyngitis adenovirus, EBV, herpes, Coxsackie
Viral UR pathogens assoc with Laryngitis parainfluenza, influenza C, EBV, adenovirus
Clinical syndromes assoc with bacterial UR pathogens Otitis media; otitis externa; blepharitis; conjunctivitis / keratitis; stye (hordeolum); pharyngitis/tonsillitis; tracheobronchitis / sinusitis
Major pathogens of UR tract Strep pneumo, M. catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenza
Clinical syndromes assoc with viral UR pathogens common cold; conjunctivitis, keratitis; Influenza; Laryngitis; Croup; OM; Pharyngitis
Viral clinical syndromes of lower resp tract Bronchitis; bronchiolitis; pneumonia
Viral causes of bronchitis Multiple causes; bronchitis in adult NON-smokers likely to be viral in etiology; parainfluenza, influenza C, RSV, human metapneumovirus
Viral causes of bronchiolitis RSV, human metapneumovirus
Viral causes of pneumonia influenza
Bronchiolitis usually appears in patients of what age? infants <1 y.o.
Viruses that can cause both UR & LR infxns, including pneumonia Influenza, RSV, human metapneumovirus
Typical bac cause of pneumonia in nonsmokers Streptococcus pneumonia
Atypical bac causes of pneumonia in nonsmokers Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella
Bacterial causes of bronchitis in nonsmokers Chlamydia pneumoniae; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Bordetella pertussis
Classic signs of Bordetella include: Posttussive emesis; dry cough x 1-2 weeks
ABECB = _____ acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Etiologies of ABECB S. pneumoniae; H. influenzae; M. catarrhalis
Treatment for ABECB Antibiotics; vaccinate for influenza and pneumoccal pneumonia
Bacterial LR pathogens etiology influenced by: Patient age; general state of health; setting
Bacterial LR pathogens: General Considerations ? TB; ?dimorphic fungi; treat empirically; immunosuppression increases spectrum*; draw blood cultures
Bacterial LR pathogens assoc with neonatal pneumonias Group A, B, or G Streptococci; Staph. Aureus; Pseudomonas spp; Chlamydia trachomatis; E. coli
Bacterial LR pathogens assoc with pneumonias in Infants/children (up to age 5 yrs) Usually viral; Strep. Pneumoniae; H. influenzae; Staph. aureus (rare)
Bacterial LR pathogens assoc with pneumonias in adolescents/adults Strep. Pneumoniae; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Chlamydia pneumoniae; H. influenzae; Legionella
Bacterial LR pathogens assoc with hospital acquired pneumonias Aerobic GN bac (Enterobacter; Klebsiella; Acinetobacter; Pseudomonas); also, Legionella, rarely, Staph. aureus
LR pathogens assoc with immunocompromised patients Consider fungi: Candida; Aspergillus
Bacterial LR pathogens assoc with HIV positive patients with low CD4 counts PCP (Pneumocystis jiroveci) pneumonia (infection by inhalation; most common AIDS infection; bronchoscopy)
ABECB affects which patients? patients with COPD; smokers
Created by: Abarnard
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